4f Flashcards
Genetically modified organisms (GMO)
Organisms with artificially altered genetic material, but not necessarily containing DNA from another organisms
genetically modifcation includes
Gene editing using CRISPR Cas9
Removal of genes
Altered genes by replacing single nucleotides
Transgenic organisms
Organisms that are genetically modified and contain artificially induced DNA from another species.
difference between transgenic and GMO, genetically modified organism
a transgenic organism that genetic material from another species was “inserted” into a particular organism, whilst a GMO Organisms with artificially altered genetic material, but not necessarily containing DNA from another organisms
all transgenic organisms are genetically modified organisms(GMOS) but GMOS are not transgenic organisms.
cisgenic organism
organism that have DNA from the same species are known as cisgenic organisms
examples of GMOS
Bt corn is a GMO because it is modified with daffoldi
soy beans
sugar beets
dont need to knwo steps of gmo, just know transmic, gmos and which is which from a text–from your sac you should be able to idneityf what is gmo or transic
GMO bio ethics explain and stae\te
relationship between GMOS and transgenic organisms
all transgenic organisms are genetically modified organisms(GMOS) but GMOS are not transgenic organisms.
what is a transgenic organism
that genetic material from another species was “inserted” into a particular organism
how are GMOS produced in agriculture
- gene identifcation-gene of interest is identified
- gene delivery- the gene is then inserted into host organism and then selection and regeneration of transgenic cells occurs
- gene expression- genes are expressed to genetically modified crops.
Biological implications of using GMOS
Cross pollination between GM plants and non-GM plants
Pest species have evolved and developed resistance
Loss of biodiversity
Cost to farmers
Safety of consuming GMOs: long term exposure associated with health issues
Health of GMOs carrying foreign gene
Requires less pesticide use, better for the environment
Less damage to ecosystems
Higher crop yield
social implications of using GMOS
cost to farmers-socioceconomic
higher crop yeild-provides more food secuirty thereofre social
less damage to the ecosystem-thereofre ecosystme services are notless damaged for people to live
Ethical implications of using GMOs
Intervention in evolution
Some believe GM foods are unsafe to eat
Unnatural
Inhumane to genetically modify animals for human benefit
what integrity
the honesty of ones actions
what is justice
fair, equitable, and appropriate treatment of persons
what is beneficence
refers to the moral obligation to act in ways that promote the well-being and interests of other
what is non maleficence
an obligation not to inflict harm on others.
what is respect
treating people with dignity and equally despite who they are and what they have to offer.
bio ethics principles
integrity, justice, beneficence, non maleficence and respect.
How do genetically modified organisms (GMOs) and transgenic crops contribute to increased crop productivity compared to traditional agricultural methods?
What are the mechanisms by which genetically modified and transgenic organisms provide resistance to diseases in crops, and what are the potential long-term implications for agricultural sustainability and ecosystem health?
deoxyribose
talk about bacbojne usgar
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