4d Flashcards
gel electrophoresis
wells
top of the gel where the DNA is loaded
terminals of wells
positive and negative terminals
the larger the fragement(
the higher up on the negative strand of the gel that is will stay
first well contains
known bases
know how to analayse a gel sample practice and alyasing pedigreses, dna profiling
gel electrophoresis
laboratory technique used to measure the size of DNA fragments
charge of DNA
negatively charged
why does the agarrose gel in gel electrophoresis have allow for the movement of DNA from the negative to the positive side
it has lots of pores to let DNA seap through from move from the negative to the positive electrode.
a standard latter pattern is seen in electorpheroeiss
smaller molecules migrate faster and furhter from the origin
longer strands= postive or negative?
short strands is psotiive or negative??
longer strand is negative side because it will take a longer time to travel from the negative side to the positive side through the gel.
Shorter strands are on the positive side because it will take a shorter amount of time to travel from the negative to the positive through side the gel.
what colour does the DNA be under the UV light in gel electrophoresis
pink
steps of gel electrophoresis
1) DNA samples placed in wells, lane 1 contains standard known sizes, placed on negative end.
2) After loading, buffer solution is added to help conduct electrical current. Positive and negative electrode is connected and electricity is turned on.
3) 30-60 minutes later,DNA will move due to DNA being negatively chargedbecause of their phsophate group
4) DNA is now separated based on fragment size, flurocent pink dye is usually added to see bands on gel under a UV light
- purpose of gel electropheisis (e.g. how can it be used in paterny testing or a crime scene)
dna profiling and genrtic testiing
- why does dna move from negative to positive end
the polar attraction between the negative nad postive electrode.
- purpose of the standard ladder with known sizes
This is used as a standard baseline against which the size of the dna fragments in the samples can be compared to as dna fragments do not always travel the same distance in the gel
what is a standard ladder in gel electrophoresis and why is it used
a standard ladder contains dna fragments of multiple different known sizes. This is used as a standard baseline against which the size of the dna fragments in the samples can be compared to as dna fragments do not always travel the same distance in the gel
2) what factors affect the movement of dna through the gel electrophoresis (list 4)
time
voltage
gel composition
buffer concentration
why does time affect the movmenet of dna htorugh gel electropheorisi
increased time of electrophoresis (i.e. increased time of electrical current application) the further the dna will travel in the gel
why does gel compostion affect the movmenet of dna htorugh gel electropheorisi
higher density of gel composition/increased concentration of agarose gel will result in a slower movement of large dna fragments
what is voltage
refers to the electrical force applied across the gel, facilitating the movement of charged DNA molecules towards the positive electrode.
why does voltage affect the movmenet of dna htorugh gel electropheorisi
the greater the voltage/electrical force, the further the dna fragments travel
voltage gel
why does bufferconcentration affect the movmenet of dna htorugh gel electropheorisi
the highre buffer cocnetraiton, the higher the elctroal force therefore the higher movement of dna frgaments through the gel electrophersis ot the positive electrode and vice versa
autosomal domiant recessive and domiant
autosomal dominant inheritance means that only one copy of the dominant allele is needed to express the trait or disorder, while autosomal recessive inheritance requires two copies of the recessive allele for the trait or disorder to be expressed
what cuts insulin
endonucleeases
