4.Dorsal group genes

Question 1

Morphogen

Answer 1

A molecule that forms a concentration gradient and directly determines the fate of the cell by regulating gene expression spatially.

Question 2

DORSAL protein

Answer 2

A transcription factor that regulates zygotic genes to establish dorsal-ventral polarity.

Question 3

Toll protein

Answer 3

A transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor activated by Spätzle, initiating ventral cell fate SIGNALING in Drosophila blastoderm cells.

Question 3

PIPE protein

Answer 3

A protein EXPRESSED in ventral FOLLICLE cells, integrated into the vitelline membrane.
It determines ventral cell fate.

Question 4

Cactus protein

Answer 4

A cytoplasmic inhibitor of DORSAL protein
when phosphorylated-allows DORSAL protein to enter nuclei and regulate gene expression

Question 5

Spätzle protein

Answer 5

A ligand that binds Toll receptors to activate signaling cascades needed for ventral cell fate during the embryogenesis of Drosophila

Question 6

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Complementation Analysis

Answer 6

A genetic method used to determine if TWO MUTATIONS are in the same or different genes by assessing phenotypic rescue in heterozygotes.

Question 7

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Maternal-effect genes

Answer 7

Genes expressed in the mother that produce factors required for the proper development of the embryo.

Question 8

Dorsalized embryo

Answer 8

An embryo where ventral cell fates are replaced with dorsal fates due to disruptions in ventral signaling.

Question 9

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NF-κB

Answer 9

The human homologue of DORSAL protein, acting as a transcription factor in immune response and inflammation REGULATION.