4b. Crude oil

Question 1

What is crude oil?

Answer 1

A mixture of hydrocarbons

Question 2

3 steps for how fractional distillation separates crude oil into fractions

Answer 2

1. Crude oil is heated and the oil evaporates.
2. The gas goes into the fractional distillation tower. As the gas rises the temperature falls.
3. Fractions with higher boiling points condense and are collected nearer the bottom of the tower.

Question 3

What are refinery gases used for?

Answer 3

Bottled gas

Question 4

What is gasoline used for?

Answer 4

Fuel for cars

Question 5

What is Kerosene used for?

Answer 5

Fuel for aeroplanes

Question 6

What is diesel oil used for?

Answer 6

Fuel for lorris

Question 7

What is fuel oil used for?

Answer 7

Fuel for ships

Question 8

What is bitumen used for?

Answer 8

Road surfacing

Question 9

What is the trend in colour, boiling point and viscosity of the main fractions

Answer 9

• Refinery gases. Smallest molecules. Lowest boiling point. Lowest viscosity. Lightest colour.
• Gasoline
• Kerosene
• Diesel
• Fuel oil
• Bitumen. Largest molecules. Highest boiling point. Highest viscosity. Darkest in colour.

Question 10

What happens when fuel is burned?

Answer 10

It releases energy

Question 11

Products for complete combustion

Answer 11

Carbon Dioxide and Water

Question 12

Possible products for incomplete combustion

Answer 12

carbon monoxide, carbon, carbon dioxide and water

Question 13

Why is carbon monoxide poisonous?

Answer 13

it reduces the capacity of the blood to carry oxygen

Question 14

What can contribute to acid rain?

Answer 14

Sulfur dioxide and Nitrogen oxides