4.A USA Vs Kenya - CS

Question 1

USA - causes of food insecurity

Answer 1

• high unemployment and under-employment (people want to work but can’t)
• stagnant and falling wages
• failure of gov initiatives to boost jobs and wages
• support systems: food stamps and nutrition assistance programmes cut in recent years due to recessions

Question 2

USA - background info

Answer 2

• 2013 - 49M people food insecure

- 2020 - 40M people food insecure

Question 3

USA - results from food insecurity - hunger and poverty

Answer 3

• unemployment, stagnant wages and increased cost of living = more families below poverty line
• Feeding America organisation - 54% households supported with at least 1 house member employed
• senior citizens between food and medicines = heart conditions and mobility issues
• 15M children suffering
• poor households only afford cheap, unhealthy food = lack of nutrition = obesity, mental issues and academic underachievement

Question 4

USA - people affected

Answer 4

African-Americans and Latino population disproportionally affected
- increased rates of poverty, food insecurity and unemployment

Question 5

USA - urban food insecurity

Answer 5

• increased unemployment and poverty
• 37% food insecure
• areas are filled with fast-food > grocery stores = ‘food desert’ = dependent on food banks & store credit donations
• eg Bronx District

Question 6

USA - attempts to help food insecurity issues

Answer 6

• national projects - food stamps, nutrition programme for women (WIC) - provide food vouchers, education and health referrals
• temporary assistance for needy families (TANF) - block of funding states to aid families below poverty line

Question 7

Kenya - background

Answer 7

• 44M people
• growing economy - tourism, telecommunications, constructions and agriculture
• 20% land farmable
• located Great (East) African Rift Valley, Savanna, Lakeland’s, mouton highlands
• 10M people suffer chronic food insecurity
• farming = 30% of GDP = 5M jobs

Question 8

Kenya - urban food security

Answer 8

• by 2050 - 50% will live in urban areas
• increase of food prices = increased poverty
• hard to mitigate agricultural issues because of slums
• eg Kiberia Slums - ‘sac gardening’ = manure, soil in sac and used to cultivate crops
• produced - spinach, kale, onions and tomatoes

Question 9

Kenya - urban food security

Answer 9

• by 2050 - 50% will live in urban areas
• increase of food prices = increased poverty
• hard to mitigate agricultural issues because of slums
• eg Kiberia Slums - ‘sac gardening’ = manure, soil in sac and used to cultivate crops
• produced - spinach, kale, onions and tomatoes

Question 10

Kenya - Advantages of situation

Answer 10

• employment via sack farming
• small wages but guaranteed healthy meal daily and training in materials and management
• increase access to food
• HIV prone to areas - fresh veg = increase nutrients

Question 11

Kenya - disadvantages of situation

Answer 11

• difficulty to find non contaminated sites
• increased dependency on food aid
• WFP provides more than 1M children with their 1 meal a day