1.C - Ethiopia - Food Security

Question 1

food security background

Answer 1

1983-85 famine - 1/2M starved to death
1st realisation physical geography no cause = famine not natural hazard
£150 weekly rent for 300,000 hectares of land

Question 2

1984 positives

Answer 2

globalisation = issues known
awareness, global support and food aid
1984 - 1st famine recognised globally
British Red Cross, Oxfam - NGOs helped via food aid

Question 3

present positives

Answer 3

government 'win-win' 
nations GDP growth 108%
dominant industry x3
construction boom
business and legislation reform 
land grabbing - gov because money to officials > locals or farms = corruption 
development through TNC investment 
mechanised and profitable for gov

Question 4

1984 issues

Answer 4

civil war - Entrea and Tigre
inheritance issue
migration
5M food insecure
takes 100,000 tonnes a month of food aid
travel to receive rations = days of walking
refugee camps -> lack of food and disease
infrastructure and distribution poor

Question 5

present issues

Answer 5

civil war 
90% pop insufficient access to education and health care 
avg income below $1500 per year 
30M longterm food shortages 
land grabbing - villageisation = no food production for locals 
4 villages moved - false info from gov
NGOs - producing oils not food 
indigenous people being removed 
investors aims only benefit them 
deforestation

Question 6

issues of villageisation

Answer 6

false info from gov to villagers - no contracts = no incline to fulfil
claimed to be voluntary movement = cannot reclaim their land
violent threats when speaking against gov or not moving voluntarily
no profitable for villagers
fertile land prime target for investors
EX - Gambella - rice production and distribution, locals don’t consume rice
Ethiopian gov - internal opposition and international criticism no removal of programme