4A. Individual difference

Question 1

Recall the mnemonic used for personality theories

Answer 1

OCEAN

Question 2

Recall the 5 personality theories

Answer 2

Openness
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

Question 3

Define IQ

Answer 3

100*(mental age/ chronological age)

Question 4

Recall a limitation of IQ

Answer 4

Averages all domains of intelligence and does not consider each type of intelligence separately. Someone who is good at english may not be good at maths. Clinical importance: stroke patients may lose specific functions but not all. In this case, looking purely at their IQ does not give doctors a good idea of what is actually ‘wrong’ with the patient because it is too general

Question 5

What are the 2 different forms of intelligence?

Answer 5

Crystallised and Fluid

Question 6

Define Crystallised intelligence

Answer 6

The ability to apply previously-acquired knowledge to current problems

Question 7

How does crystal intelligence change with age?

Answer 7

Commonly improves with age and then plateaus

Question 8

Define “fluid intelligence” and how it changes with age

Answer 8

The ability to deal with novel problem-solving situations. Steady decline with age

Question 9

How do genetics and environment affect intelligence

Answer 9

Genetics account for 1/3rd to 2/3rd of intelligence but the environment is really important for how these genes are expressed. Eg educational experience is really important

Question 10

What is Baron Cohen’s Theory about?

Answer 10

In people with high functioning autism, Social/communication difficulties is caused by deficit in Empathising
And autistic patient’s narrow interests is due to their ability in systematising

Question 11

Define “empathise”

Answer 11

Ability to infer thoughts/ feelings of others and have appropriate reaction

Question 12

Define “systematising”

Answer 12

Drive to analyse a system to identify rules that govern a system so that you can predict how it will behave.