3A. Developmental Psychology

Question 1

Recall 4 elements influencing an individual’s “nature”

Answer 1

Gender
Genetics
Temperament
Maturational stage

Question 2

Recall 4 elements influencing how an individual is nurtured

Answer 2

Environment
parenting
Stimulation
Nutrition

Question 3

Define temperament and give examples

Answer 3

Innnate aspects of a person’s personality

eg introversion and extroversion

Question 4

What is reciprocal socialisation?

Answer 4

Bidirectional socialisation: children socialise parents just as parents socialise children

Question 5

Recall the types of attachment and give an example of each

Answer 5

Secure: free exploration of the room, cries when mother leaves the room and and happiness on mother’s return
Insecure: little exploration or response to mother’s return (eg doesn’t really care when mother returns back to the room)

Question 6

What study was used to assess attachment?

Answer 6

Ainsworth’s Strange Situation Test

Question 7

What did Ainsworth’s Strange Situation test look at?

Answer 7

How much the child explores the room independently, but particularly how they respond to the mother’s return after the mother has left the room

Question 8

What is the name of the model of cognitive development split into 3 stages?

Answer 8

Piaget’s Model

Question 9

Name the 3 stages of Piaget’s Model of Cognitive Development and recall the ages at which they are expected to be demonstrated

Answer 9

Sensorimotor (birth-2)
Preoperational (2-7)
Concrete operational (7-12)
Formal operational stage (>12)

Question 10

Describe the sensorimotor stage of cognitive development.

Answer 10

Understanding of the world based on sensory experiences and physical experiences of objects.
DEVELOPS OBJECT PERMANENCE (understanding that things are still there even if you can’t see it)

Question 11

Describe the preoperational stage of cognitive development

Answer 11

World represented symbolically through words and mental images but not yet any understanding of basic mental operations/ rules
NO understanding of Principle of conservation (juice example)
Irreversibility- cannot mentally reverse actions
Animism- ‘the car is sick’
egocentrism- cannot imagine and view the world from a different perspective

Question 12

Describe the concrete operational stage of cognitive development

Answer 12

Can perform basic mental operations concerning problems that involve tangible objects/ situations
Understand the concept of reversibility
Display less egocentrism
Easily solve conservation problems