4.8 organic synthesis Flashcards
Haloalkane to alcohol
Nucleophillic substitution#
NaOH(aq)
Alcohol to halogenoalkane
nucleophilic substitution
NaCl/ NaBr/ NaI/ with acid eg H2S04.;
Halogenoalkane to Primary Amine
Nucleophillic Substi
Need excess NH3/ammonia to stop further products.;ution
Halogenoalkane like R-Cl with NH3/Ethanol.
Halogenoalkane like R-Cl with NH3/Ethanol.
Need excess NH3/ammonia to stop further products.;Primary Amine to secondary+ tertiary amine
Nucleophillic substitution with halogenoalkane R-Cl.;Nitrile to primary Amine
Reduction reaction.;Nitrile to carboxylic acid
Acid hydrolysis
Dilute HCl;Alcohol to Carboxylic Acid
Excess K2Cr2O7( Pottassium dichromate) ,Acid Catalyst, reflux;Alcohol to Aldehyde
NaCN/H+;Aldehyde to Alcohol
NaBH4, reduction, nucleophilic addition;Alcohol to Ketone
reduction,
nucleophilic addition (secondary alcohol);Ketone to Hydroxynitrile
Nucleophilic Addition
NaCN/H+;Carboxylic Acid to Ester
Esterfication
Alcohol
Concentrated H2SO4 catalyst;Primary Amine to Amide
Condensation
Acyl Chloride;Acyl Chloride to Amide
Nucleophilic Addition Elimination or CONDENSATION
NH3;Acyl chloride to ester
Alcohol, 20°C
ESTERFICATION;Ester to Carboxylate and alcohol
Base hydrolysis
NaOH;ester to carboxylic acid and alcohol
Acid Hydrolysis
HCl, H2O;Acid anhydride to ester
Esterfication
ALCOHOL;Carboxylic acid to Acyl Chloride
SOCl2;Alkene to Alkane
H2
Ni catalyst
Heat (420K);Alkane to Halogenoalkane
Br2, Cl2, UV Light,
free radical substitution;Alkenes to Alcohols
Hydration
H2O
