2.4 Organic Compounds Flashcards
What are alkanes
Hydrocarbon containing only single cobvabtly bonds.
- saturated hydrocarbons
What is the alkanes formula
CnH2n+2
What’s a halogenoalkane
Compound in which 1 or more hydrogens is replaced by a halogen in an alkane
What’s an alcohol
Compounds contacting OH as a functional group
What’s a carboxylic acid
Compounds containing COOH as a functional group
What are the 4 types of formulae
Skeletal
Display
Structural
Molecular
What’s molecular formula
shows the types and numbers of atoms combined in a single molecule of a molecular compound
Eg pen-1-ene,3-ol is C5H10O
What’s displayed formula
Shows all the bonds and atoms in the molecule
What’s an Alkenes
Hydrocarbons with one or more carbon-carbon double bonds (unsaturated hydrocarbon)
CnH2n
What’s homologous series
Set of compounds that
1. Can be represented by a general formula
2. Differ from their neighbour in the series by CH2
3. Have the same functional group so very similar chemical properties
4. Have physical properties that vary as Mr of compound varies
What’s the difference between primary secondary and tertiary alcohols
Primary alcohols have 1 alkyl group attached to carbon to which the hydroxyl group is bonded
Secondary have 2 and tertiary alcohols have 3
How does chain length affect melting and boiling point of an organic compound
The longer the chain length, the higher the BP/MP as the carbon chain increases there are more points of contact between molecules so stronger temporary dipole dipole interactions between molecules so more energy is required to overcome the intermolecular forces.
What is the effect of branching on boiling temperatures
More branches in a molecule means it’s more spherical. When spheres are packed together the area available for surface area contact is very small so it decreases the boiling temperature
What’s structural isomerism
Compounds with the same molecular formula but different structural formula
What’s chain isomerism
the same molecular formula, but a different arrangement of carbon atoms in the chain
What’s position isomerism
Same molecular formula functional group in different position.
What’s E-Z isomerism
A type of stereoisomerism in which different groups attached to each carbon of a C=C double bond may be arranged differently in space because of the restricted rotation of the C=C bond due to the PI bond
What’s a π bond?
Covalent bond formed when there’s an overlap of p orbitals.
What are the chemical properties of EZ isomerism
Since there’s a double bond, both isomers will take part in a characteristic reactions of Alkenes.
However the restriction of the double bonds means that the substituent group on the double bonded carbon atoms can behave differently
May be because in the E form the substituent group is held further away to interact then the Z form where they’re closer
Whats an electrophile
Electron pair acceptor
What are the steps in free radical substition
UV Light, Initiation, Propagation, Termination
Whats bond fission
Breaking a covalent bond
Whats homolytic fission
The breaking of a covalent bond with one of the bonded electrons going to each atom, forming two radicals.
Whats a nucleophile
Electron pair donor
