7 sources of Knowledge Flashcards
What are the 7 sources of Knowledge?
- Superstition
- Intuition
- Authority
- Tenacity
- Rationalism
- Empiricism
- Science
Knowledge gained from those viewed as authority figures, or anybody who is credible
Authority
Knowledge gained from repeated ideas that are stubbornly clung to despite evidence to the contrary.
Tenacity
Knowledge gained through objective observations of organisms and events in the real world/ experiences of your senses. Empirical but not necessarily logical or systematic. Too casual. Not connected to an objective well enough to give it focus.
Empiricism
Knowledge gained through logical reasoning. Logical but not empirical.
Rationalism
Knowledge gained through a combination of empirical methods and logical reasoning. A merger of rationalism and empiricism. The only acceptable way for researchers/ scientists to gain knowledge.
Science
Knowledge that is based on subjected feelings, interpreting random events as nonrandom events, or believing in magical events. Can be based on fear and ignorance.
Superstition
Knowledge is gained without being consciously aware of where the knowledge came from.
Intuition
“I don’t know but I just have a gut feeling.” Or, “I just feel that it is right.” (intuition)
Example of _________.
Intuition
All humans are mortal; I am a human; therefore, I am a mortal.
Example of ________.
Rationalism
When using _____, people often Mistake random and non-random.
Superstition
“I believe nothing until I see it with my own eyes.” – an _______ would say this.
Empiricist
________ deals only with the form of the syllogism (e.g., all dogs are animals; all animals have four legs; therefore all dogs have four legs) and not its content. Researchers are interested in both form and content.
Rationalism
One aspect of _______ is hearing a piece of information so often that you begin to believe it is true.
Tenacity
While using ______ as your source of knowledge, the only valid means of gaining knowledge is if the individual is truly an expert on the subject.
Authority
“Bad things happen in threes.” Or “breaking a mirror = seven years of bad luck.” Is an example of __________.
Superstition
Someone who uses ________ as their source of knowledge gains knowledge by seeing, hearing, tasting, smelling, and touching.
Empiricism
Dates back to Aristotle
Empiricism
Superstition, Intuition, Authority, Tenacity, Empiricism, Rationalism are __________.
non-scientific
Attractive people are good; Nellie is attractive; therefor, Nellie is good is an example of __________.
Rationalism
Problems with _______ include: may not be right, may have alternative motives, not experts in the fields they are talking about.
Authority
________ is Random – two events that occur that have no relationship
Superstition
Visine advertised “it gets the red out,” and people believed it for 40 years, not true.
This is an example of ________.
Tenacity
________ represents a collection of facts, however, not enough. We need to organize them, think about them, draw meaning from them, and use them to make predictions
Empiricism
We need to use ________ together with ________ to make sure we are being logical about the observations we make.
rationalism , empiricism
__________ is not based on observation or hypothesis testing.
superstition
“More babies are born during a full moon.” Although not true, it seems so because we are more likely to notice and pay attention.
This is an example of _______.
Intuition
The Little Albert experiment is an example of _______.
Tenacity
Not Empirical or Logical :
Authority
Tenacity
Intuition
Superstition
Logical but not Empirical.
Rationalism
Empirical but not necessarily logical or systematic
Empiricism
Knowledge gained through a combination of empirical methods and logical reasoning
Science
______ is often presented in the form of a syllogism. It is Logically derived from the major and minor premises in the syllogism.
Rationalism
_______Can have problems: The content of the premises are false, therefore the conclusion is logically valid but empirically false. Not based on any observations.
Rationalism
A merger of rationalism and empiricism.
Science
With _________, event one caused event two through illusory correlation – the second event does not necessarily have causation to event one.
Superstition
The ________ uses logic and systematic empiricism.
Scientific method
_________ can be based on fear and ignorance.
Superstition
__________ is too casual. Not connected to an objective well enough to give it focus.
Empiricism
