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601 - Exam 2 > 4.7 - Blood Vessel Histology > Flashcards

4.7 - Blood Vessel Histology Flashcards

1
Q

The blood vascular system is composed of

A

Heart
arteries and arterioles
capillaries
veins and venules

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2
Q

What has the largest and least amount of blood distribution in the body?

A

largest = systemic veins and venules
Smallest = systemic capillaries

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3
Q

Function of the circulatory system

A

Pump and carry blood with O2, remove CO2, electrolytes, hormones, and metabolites

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4
Q

Arteries carry

A

oxygenated blood away from the heart

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5
Q

Veins carry

A

deoxygenated blood towards the heart

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6
Q

What are the layers of blood vessels?

A

(inner to outer)
Tunica intima
Tunica media
Tunica adventitia

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7
Q

Describe tunica intima

A
  • Innermost layer of blood vessels
  • endothelium + basal lamina
  • Internal elastic lamina
  • Subendothelial layer
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8
Q

Describe tunica media

A
  • Middle layer
  • smooth muscle
  • elastic fibers and elastic lamellae
  • Reticular fibers
  • Pericytes
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9
Q

Describe tunica adventitia

A
  • Outermost layer
  • Loose collagen and elastic fibers
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10
Q

Describe vasa vasorum

A
  • In the tunica adventitia
  • Vascular supply to the walls of large blood vessels
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11
Q

Define innervation

A

Blood vessels contain both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves to control blood vessel size by constriction or dilation

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12
Q

Describe capillaries

A

Endothelium - tight junctions
Basal lamina
Pericytes

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13
Q

What are pericytes?

A
  • Present in capillaries
  • sit on outside of basal lamina
  • contain contractile proteins
  • can transform into other cell types
  • Change diameter of capillary wall
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14
Q

Capillary diameter is large enough to fit how many erythrocytes at a time?

A

1

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15
Q

What are the types of capillaries?

A

Continuous - somatic
Fenestrated - visceral
Discontinuous - sinusoidal

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16
Q

Describe continuous capillaries

A
  • Also called somatic
  • Most common type
  • Endothelial cells have numerous pinocytotic vesicles
17
Q

Where can you find continuous (somatic) capillaries?

A

Muscle
CT
Exocrine glands
Nerve tissue (blood brain barrier)

18
Q

Describe fenestrated (visceral) capillaries

A
  • Large fenestrae (L. window) in walls of endothelial cells
  • Holes in capillary
19
Q

What are the types of fenestrated capillaries and where are they located?

A

Diaphragm fenestrated (tighter than non-diaphragm)
- Kidney, intestine, and endocrine glands

Non-diaphragm-fenestrated
- renal glomerulus

20
Q

Describe discontinuous (sinusoidal) capillaries

A
  • large diameter
  • Fenestrations w/o diaphragm - some w/ large gaps
21
Q

Where can you find discontinuous (sinusoidal) capillaries?

A

Liver and hematopoietic organs

22
Q

Describe arterioles

A
  • Small arteries
  • 1-2 concentric layers of smooth muscle
  • Thin tunica intima and subendothelial layer
  • NO external elastic lamina
  • Thin adventitia
23
Q

Describe muscular arteries

A
  • Prominent internal elastic laminae
  • external elastic laminae
  • Vaso vasora
24
Q

Describe elastic arteries

A
  • Thick tunica intima and subendothelial layer
  • Internal and external elastic lamina but indistinguishable
  • Tunic media
  • tunica adventitia underdeveloped
  • vasa vasora
25
Q

What’s the thickest layer of arteries?

A

Tunica media

26
Q

What’s the thickest layer of veins?

A

Tunica adventitia

27
Q

Describe venules

A
  • Thin walls
  • Pericytes in small postcapillary venules
  • Usually accompany arteriole
28
Q

Where are valves located in small and medium sized veins

A

in the lumen

29
Q

Describe large veins

A
  • Thick tunica media
  • Well-developed tunica adventitia
  • NO valves
30
Q

Describe metarterioles

A
  • Arterioles w/ discontinuous layer of smooth muscle
  • Slows down blood flow into capillaries
  • Maintains pressure differences between arterial and venous systems
31
Q

Where can you find metarterioles?

A

In the mesentery and brain

32
Q

Describe precapillary sphincters

A
  • Complete ring of smooth muscle at junction of metarterioles and capillaries
  • Constriction STOPS blood flow into capillaries
33
Q

Where can you find precapillary sphincters?

A

Mesentery and brain
- associated with metarterioles

34
Q

Describe arteriovenous anastamoses

A
  • Shunts blood from arteries to veins
  • Bypasses capillary beds
  • In skin and mesentery
35
Q

Describe portal systems

A
  • 2 capillary beds w/ arterioles or venules between them
36
Q

Where can you find the arteriol portal system

A

Kidney glomerulus

37
Q

Where can you find the venous portal system

A

In the liver

601 - Exam 2 (11 decks)

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