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601 - Exam 2 > 3.5 Muscle II > Flashcards

3.5 Muscle II Flashcards

1
Q

Thin filaments contain

A

Actin, troponin, and tropomyosin

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2
Q

Thick filaments contain

A

Myosin

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3
Q

Z-line contains

A

Alpha-actin and desman (IF)
- holds sarcomere together

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4
Q

A band consists of

A

Thick and thin filaments

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5
Q

I band consists of

A

Thin filaments and attached Z line

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6
Q

H band consists of

A

Myosin rods (no heads)

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7
Q

What is a triad and what kind of muscle is it in?

A
  • T-tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • Ca2+ release channel
  • Only in skeletal muscles
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8
Q

What surrounds the T tubules?

A

Terminal cisternae of SR

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9
Q

Endomysium is made of what type of CT?

A

Dense irregular CT

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10
Q

The axon terminal is at the level of the

A

Endomysium and sarcolemma

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11
Q

An action potential causes the release of

A

Calcium

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12
Q

What lines the axon that is on a muscle?

A

External lamina (basal lamina)

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13
Q

Junctions folds are located on the

A

Muscle (that’s receiving a signal from axon)

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14
Q

Define motor-end-plate and what is it made of?

A
  • The myoneural junction
  • Contains the terminal bouton, synaptic cleft and junctional folds
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15
Q

Define synaptic cleft

A

Depression in sarcolemma occupied by axon terminal

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16
Q

Steps for muscle contraction

A
  1. Nerve impulses arrive at neuromuscular junction
  2. Acetylcholine released into synaptic cleft
  3. Na+ channels open
  4. Depolarization spreads through T tubules
  5. Proteins change conformation in T tubules
  6. Ca+ released from triad
  7. Ca+ released from SR
  8. Ca+ binds TnC of Troponin
  9. Contraction and Ca+ returns to terminal cisternae
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17
Q

Define muscle spindle

A

Stretch receptor within the skeletal muscle
- sends sensory into CNS

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18
Q

Define tendon organs

A

Sense tension

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19
Q

Satellite cells do what for the muscle?

A

Repair and increase the size of the muscle

20
Q

What’s the specialized cell junction in cardiac muscles?

A

Intercalated discs
- muscle fibers are attached through intercalated discs

21
Q

What junctions are associated with intercalated discs in cardiac muscles?

A

Adherence junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes

22
Q

Mitochondria are larger and longer in cardiac or skeletal muscles?

23
Q

The sarcoplasmic reticulum is more developed in cardiac or skeletal muscle?

24
Q

Diads are what?

A
  • Present in cardiac muscle
  • have mostly T tubules and little SR
25
The T tubules are located where in cardiac muscle?
Z line
26
What junction is associated with actin in cardiac muscles?
Zonula adherens
27
Pigment in cardiac muscle
Lipofuscin
28
What intercalated discs are on the transverse of cardiac muscles?
Zonula adherens and macula adherens
29
What intercalated disc is on the longitudinal portion of cardiac muscles?
Gap junctions
30
Medulla adherens function in cardiac muscle
Cell attachment
31
Cell-to-cell junctions allow for
Muscles to stay together
32
Describe atrial myofibers
- T-tubules are sparse or absent - membrane-limited granules
33
Smooth muscle nuclei location
Centrally located - there’s a narrow space around each cell
34
Describe the SR of smooth muscles
Rudimentary (simple)
35
Do smooth muscles have T tubules?
No
36
Describe myofilaments in smooth muscles
- not organized into sarcomere - arranged parallel to long axis of cell
37
Actin in smooth muscles
- tropomyosin present - NO troponin - calmodulin present
38
Myosin in smooth muscles
- Have no bare central region - contraction and relaxation is regulated by hormones via cAMP
39
Describe myofilaments in smooth muscles
Crisscross obliquely through the cell like network
40
Alpha-actin function
Attached actin to the membrane
41
Smooth muscle intermediate filament location and example
- Throughout cytoplasm - Ex: Desmin (skeletin) and vimentin
42
Describe dense bodies in smooth muscle
- anchoring site for actin and intermediate filaments - contain alpha-actin - cytoplasm/membrane associated
43
Smooth muscle cell contraction steps:
1. Ca2+ (released through gap junctions) binds calmodulin which binds to myosin light chain kinase to phosphorylation myosin light chains 2. This binds to actin + ATP causes actin contraction
44
2 ways smooth muscles can contract
single cell can contract OR Contraction wave
45
Is smooth muscle contraction long or short?
Long w/o fatigue
46
Smooth muscle organelles
Golgi, ER and polyribosomes
47
Type of junction in smooth muscles
Gap junctions

601 - Exam 2 (11 decks)

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