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601 - Exam 2 > 3.5 Muscle II > Flashcards

3.5 Muscle II Flashcards

1
Q

Thin filaments contain

A

Actin, troponin, and tropomyosin

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2
Q

Thick filaments contain

A

Myosin

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3
Q

Z-line contains

A

Alpha-actin and desman (IF)
- holds sarcomere together

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4
Q

A band consists of

A

Thick and thin filaments

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5
Q

I band consists of

A

Thin filaments and attached Z line

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6
Q

H band consists of

A

Myosin rods (no heads)

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7
Q

What is a triad and what kind of muscle is it in?

A
  • T-tubule and sarcoplasmic reticulum
  • Ca2+ release channel
  • Only in skeletal muscles
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8
Q

What surrounds the T tubules?

A

Terminal cisternae of SR

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9
Q

Endomysium is made of what type of CT?

A

Dense irregular CT

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10
Q

The axon terminal is at the level of the

A

Endomysium and sarcolemma

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11
Q

An action potential causes the release of

A

Calcium

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12
Q

What lines the axon that is on a muscle?

A

External lamina (basal lamina)

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13
Q

Junctions folds are located on the

A

Muscle (that’s receiving a signal from axon)

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14
Q

Define motor-end-plate and what is it made of?

A
  • The myoneural junction
  • Contains the terminal bouton, synaptic cleft and junctional folds
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15
Q

Define synaptic cleft

A

Depression in sarcolemma occupied by axon terminal

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16
Q

Steps for muscle contraction

A
  1. Nerve impulses arrive at neuromuscular junction
  2. Acetylcholine released into synaptic cleft
  3. Na+ channels open
  4. Depolarization spreads through T tubules
  5. Proteins change conformation in T tubules
  6. Ca+ released from triad
  7. Ca+ released from SR
  8. Ca+ binds TnC of Troponin
  9. Contraction and Ca+ returns to terminal cisternae
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17
Q

Define muscle spindle

A

Stretch receptor within the skeletal muscle
- sends sensory into CNS

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18
Q

Define tendon organs

A

Sense tension

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19
Q

Satellite cells do what for the muscle?

A

Repair and increase the size of the muscle

20
Q

What’s the specialized cell junction in cardiac muscles?

A

Intercalated discs
- muscle fibers are attached through intercalated discs

21
Q

What junctions are associated with intercalated discs in cardiac muscles?

A

Adherence junctions, gap junctions, and desmosomes

22
Q

Mitochondria are larger and longer in cardiac or skeletal muscles?

A

Cardiac

23
Q

The sarcoplasmic reticulum is more developed in cardiac or skeletal muscle?

A

Skeletal

24
Q

Diads are what?

A
  • Present in cardiac muscle
  • have mostly T tubules and little SR
25
Q

The T tubules are located where in cardiac muscle?

A

Z line

26
Q

What junction is associated with actin in cardiac muscles?

A

Zonula adherens

27
Q

Pigment in cardiac muscle

A

Lipofuscin

28
Q

What intercalated discs are on the transverse of cardiac muscles?

A

Zonula adherens and macula adherens

29
Q

What intercalated disc is on the longitudinal portion of cardiac muscles?

A

Gap junctions

30
Q

Medulla adherens function in cardiac muscle

A

Cell attachment

31
Q

Cell-to-cell junctions allow for

A

Muscles to stay together

32
Q

Describe atrial myofibers

A
  • T-tubules are sparse or absent
  • membrane-limited granules
33
Q

Smooth muscle nuclei location

A

Centrally located
- there’s a narrow space around each cell

34
Q

Describe the SR of smooth muscles

A

Rudimentary (simple)

35
Q

Do smooth muscles have T tubules?

A

No

36
Q

Describe myofilaments in smooth muscles

A
  • not organized into sarcomere
  • arranged parallel to long axis of cell
37
Q

Actin in smooth muscles

A
  • tropomyosin present
  • NO troponin
  • calmodulin present
38
Q

Myosin in smooth muscles

A
  • Have no bare central region
  • contraction and relaxation is regulated by hormones via cAMP
39
Q

Describe myofilaments in smooth muscles

A

Crisscross obliquely through the cell like network

40
Q

Alpha-actin function

A

Attached actin to the membrane

41
Q

Smooth muscle intermediate filament location and example

A
  • Throughout cytoplasm
  • Ex: Desmin (skeletin) and vimentin
42
Q

Describe dense bodies in smooth muscle

A
  • anchoring site for actin and intermediate filaments
  • contain alpha-actin
  • cytoplasm/membrane associated
43
Q

Smooth muscle cell contraction steps:

A
  1. Ca2+ (released through gap junctions) binds calmodulin which binds to myosin light chain kinase to phosphorylation myosin light chains
  2. This binds to actin + ATP causes actin contraction
44
Q

2 ways smooth muscles can contract

A

single cell can contract
OR
Contraction wave

45
Q

Is smooth muscle contraction long or short?

A

Long w/o fatigue

46
Q

Smooth muscle organelles

A

Golgi, ER and polyribosomes

47
Q

Type of junction in smooth muscles

A

Gap junctions

601 - Exam 2 (11 decks)

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