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Navy Drug & Alcohol Counselor School > 4.6 Pharmacological Aspects of Substance Use Disorder > Flashcards

4.6 Pharmacological Aspects of Substance Use Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

Define drug classification

A

Classified by chemical types of the active ingredient

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2
Q

Define drug preparation

A

Identify the form in which the specific drug is used

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3
Q

Define Regulating entities

A

Body of government, organization, or institution that regulates the manufacture, distribution and use of drugs

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4
Q

Define pharmacology

A

The scientific study of drugs, including their composition, uses and physiological effects

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5
Q

Define toxicology

A

The aspects of pharmacology, which deals with the adverse effects of drugs on living organisms

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6
Q

Define poison

A

Any substance that in relatively small amounts can cause death or serious bodily harm

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7
Q

Define acute poisoning

A

The state of intoxication are poisoning produced by single dose administered rapidly

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8
Q

Define chronic poisoning

A

A state of intoxication produced by multiple small doses given over a period of time, not windows that would produce the pool, toxic syndrome if given alone.

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9
Q

Define drug

A

Any substance, other than food, which when inhaled, injected, consumed, or introduced into the body in any matter, affects the individuals physiology, psychology, or alters mood or function.

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10
Q

Define psychoactive

A

Drugs that affect mood, perception of sensation, thoughts and feelings

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11
Q

Define designer drug

A

Synthetic organic compounds that are designed as analogues of illicit drugs, usually with the same, or heightened, narcotic or other dangerous effects

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12
Q

Define drug abuse

A

They use of drugs to an extent that has an adverse effect on performance, conduct discipline or mission effectiveness, and/or on the users health, behavior, Family or community

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13
Q

Define Substance use disorder

A

Psychological or physiological reliance on drugs resulting from use of periodic or continuous basis

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14
Q

Define craving

A

Strong desire or perceived need for the mental or emotional effects of alcohol or drugs

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15
Q

Define tolerance

A

Is a decreased physiologic response after repeated receptor site exposures to the substance

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16
Q

Define reverse tolerance

A

They need to decrease the dose or increase of time between doses in order to produce the effects originally achieved by larger amounts

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17
Q

Define cross tolerance

A

A state where intolerance to one drug decreases the effectiveness of another

18
Q

Define cross dependence

A

The ability of one drug to suppress the manifestation of physical dependence or abstinence syndrome produced by another drug

19
Q

Define metabolism

A

The song of the chemical and physical processes in an organism

20
Q

Define Metabolite

A

A product of metabolism

21
Q

Define euphoria

A

A feeling of well-being or elation

22
Q

Define psychedelic

A

Any of the so-called mind expanding drugs are able to induce states of altered perception and thoughts

23
Q

Define Dissociative

A

Drugs that produce a sense of detachment in the cell and/or the environment

24
Q

Define Pharmacotherapy

A

Treatment of disease through the administration of drugs

25
Q

What are the effects of drugs on the neurotransmission?

A
  1. Activate dopamine
  2. Some drugs mimic effects of natural neurotransmitters
  3. Some drugs block receptors, preventing nerve signals from getting through
26
Q

What are the affects of marijuana on the human body?

A
  1. Reducing activity of the neural receptors in the areas of the brain
  2. Stimulates dopamine pathways in the nuclear us acumen
  3. Respiratory issues
27
Q

Adverse effects from spice or synthetic marijuana

A

(a) Tremors
(b) Seizures
(c) Hallucinations
(d) Hypertension
(e) Tachycardia
(f) Numbness
(g) Tingling
(h) Vomiting
(i) Panic attacks
(j) agitation

28
Q

Name to common depressants

A
  1. Barbiturate (Mephobarbital, pentobarbital)
  2. Benzodiazepines (diazepam(Valium)
  3. alprazolam (Xanax)
29
Q

What are the effects of depressants to the human body?

A
  1. Sleepy and uncoordinated
  2. Withdrawal
  3. Seizures
30
Q

Name the common stimulants

A
  1. Cocaine
  2. Amphetamine
  3. Methamphetamine
  4. Khat
31
Q

What are the adverse effects of stimulants?

A

(1) Dilated pupils
(2) Constricted blood vessels
(3) Increased body temperature
(4) Increased heart rate and blood pressure
(5) Negatively affects memory
(6) Anhedonia
(7) Bizarre erratic violent behaviors
(8) Vertigo
(9) Muscle twitches
(10) Paranoia
(11) Toxic – poisoning
(12) Cardiovascular
(a) Heart attacks (13) Respiratory failure (14) Coma

32
Q

Name the common hallucinogens

A

(1) LSD – lysergic acid diethylamide – most widely used hallucinogen
(2) Psilocybin – Mushrooms
(3) Ketamine
(4) PCP – phencyclidine
(5) Mescaline

33
Q

What are their effects of hallucinogens to the human body?

A

(1) Increased heart rate and blood pressure
(2) Dizziness
(3) Nausea
(4) Numbness
(5) Tremors
(6) Dramatic effect on the senses
(7) Persistent psychosis
(8) Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (flashbacks)
(9) Severe muscle contractions with PCP can cause bone fractures
(10) Death due to distortions of perception
(11) Rape (ketamine used as date rape drug)

34
Q

Name the common opiate derivatives

A
  1. Heroin
  2. opium
  3. morphine
  4. codeine
  5. oxycodone (Percodan or OxyContin)
  6. hydrocodone
    (Vicodin)
  7. hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
  8. meperedine (Demerol)
35
Q

What are the effects to the human bodies from opiates?

A

(1) Respiratory arrest
(2) Infections from sharing needles (HIV, hepatitis, other diseases)
(3) Profound degrees of tolerance and physical dependence
(4) Primary focus of life becomes drug seeking behavior
(5) Withdrawal

36
Q

Name to common steroids

A

Anabolic steroids

37
Q

What are the effects of steroids to the human body?

A
  1. Interrupt hormone production in males
  2. Females become more masculine
  3. Cardiovascular disease
38
Q

What are the other adverse effects of using steroids?

A

(a) Liver tumors
(b) Skin problems such as acne, cysts, oily hair and skin
(c) HIV, Hepatitis B and C form non sterile needles/ sharing needles
(d) Infective carditis (potentially fatal inflammation of inner lining of heart
(e) “Roid rage”
(f) Anecdotal reports of euphoria
(g) Depression may result after cessation of steroid use

39
Q

Name to common inhalants

A
  1. Volatile solvents
  2. Aerosoles
  3. Gases
  4. Nitrates
40
Q

What are the effects on the human body using inhalants?

A

(1) Sudden sniffing death syndrome
(2) Suppressed immunological system
(3) Injury to red blood cells
(4) Bone marrow injury
(5) Increased risk of leukemia
(6) Cardiac arrest
(7) Burn injuries (flammability)
(8) Respiratory obstruction
(9) Death from sudden cooling/cold injury to airways
(10) Limb spams
(11) Loss of sensation
(12) Liver damage/failure
(13) Reproductive complications
(14) Hearing and vision damage

Navy Drug & Alcohol Counselor School (16 decks)

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