4.6 Pharmacological Aspects of Substance Use Disorder Flashcards
Define drug classification
Classified by chemical types of the active ingredient
Define drug preparation
Identify the form in which the specific drug is used
Define Regulating entities
Body of government, organization, or institution that regulates the manufacture, distribution and use of drugs
Define pharmacology
The scientific study of drugs, including their composition, uses and physiological effects
Define toxicology
The aspects of pharmacology, which deals with the adverse effects of drugs on living organisms
Define poison
Any substance that in relatively small amounts can cause death or serious bodily harm
Define acute poisoning
The state of intoxication are poisoning produced by single dose administered rapidly
Define chronic poisoning
A state of intoxication produced by multiple small doses given over a period of time, not windows that would produce the pool, toxic syndrome if given alone.
Define drug
Any substance, other than food, which when inhaled, injected, consumed, or introduced into the body in any matter, affects the individuals physiology, psychology, or alters mood or function.
Define psychoactive
Drugs that affect mood, perception of sensation, thoughts and feelings
Define designer drug
Synthetic organic compounds that are designed as analogues of illicit drugs, usually with the same, or heightened, narcotic or other dangerous effects
Define drug abuse
They use of drugs to an extent that has an adverse effect on performance, conduct discipline or mission effectiveness, and/or on the users health, behavior, Family or community
Define Substance use disorder
Psychological or physiological reliance on drugs resulting from use of periodic or continuous basis
Define craving
Strong desire or perceived need for the mental or emotional effects of alcohol or drugs
Define tolerance
Is a decreased physiologic response after repeated receptor site exposures to the substance
Define reverse tolerance
They need to decrease the dose or increase of time between doses in order to produce the effects originally achieved by larger amounts
Define cross tolerance
A state where intolerance to one drug decreases the effectiveness of another
Define cross dependence
The ability of one drug to suppress the manifestation of physical dependence or abstinence syndrome produced by another drug
Define metabolism
The song of the chemical and physical processes in an organism
Define Metabolite
A product of metabolism
Define euphoria
A feeling of well-being or elation
Define psychedelic
Any of the so-called mind expanding drugs are able to induce states of altered perception and thoughts
Define Dissociative
Drugs that produce a sense of detachment in the cell and/or the environment
Define Pharmacotherapy
Treatment of disease through the administration of drugs
What are the effects of drugs on the neurotransmission?
- Activate dopamine
- Some drugs mimic effects of natural neurotransmitters
- Some drugs block receptors, preventing nerve signals from getting through
What are the affects of marijuana on the human body?
- Reducing activity of the neural receptors in the areas of the brain
- Stimulates dopamine pathways in the nuclear us acumen
- Respiratory issues
Adverse effects from spice or synthetic marijuana
(a) Tremors
(b) Seizures
(c) Hallucinations
(d) Hypertension
(e) Tachycardia
(f) Numbness
(g) Tingling
(h) Vomiting
(i) Panic attacks
(j) agitation
Name to common depressants
- Barbiturate (Mephobarbital, pentobarbital)
- Benzodiazepines (diazepam(Valium)
- alprazolam (Xanax)
What are the effects of depressants to the human body?
- Sleepy and uncoordinated
- Withdrawal
- Seizures
Name the common stimulants
- Cocaine
- Amphetamine
- Methamphetamine
- Khat
What are the adverse effects of stimulants?
(1) Dilated pupils
(2) Constricted blood vessels
(3) Increased body temperature
(4) Increased heart rate and blood pressure
(5) Negatively affects memory
(6) Anhedonia
(7) Bizarre erratic violent behaviors
(8) Vertigo
(9) Muscle twitches
(10) Paranoia
(11) Toxic – poisoning
(12) Cardiovascular
(a) Heart attacks (13) Respiratory failure (14) Coma
Name the common hallucinogens
(1) LSD – lysergic acid diethylamide – most widely used hallucinogen
(2) Psilocybin – Mushrooms
(3) Ketamine
(4) PCP – phencyclidine
(5) Mescaline
What are their effects of hallucinogens to the human body?
(1) Increased heart rate and blood pressure
(2) Dizziness
(3) Nausea
(4) Numbness
(5) Tremors
(6) Dramatic effect on the senses
(7) Persistent psychosis
(8) Hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (flashbacks)
(9) Severe muscle contractions with PCP can cause bone fractures
(10) Death due to distortions of perception
(11) Rape (ketamine used as date rape drug)
Name the common opiate derivatives
- Heroin
- opium
- morphine
- codeine
- oxycodone (Percodan or OxyContin)
- hydrocodone
(Vicodin) - hydromorphone (Dilaudid)
- meperedine (Demerol)
What are the effects to the human bodies from opiates?
(1) Respiratory arrest
(2) Infections from sharing needles (HIV, hepatitis, other diseases)
(3) Profound degrees of tolerance and physical dependence
(4) Primary focus of life becomes drug seeking behavior
(5) Withdrawal
Name to common steroids
Anabolic steroids
What are the effects of steroids to the human body?
- Interrupt hormone production in males
- Females become more masculine
- Cardiovascular disease
What are the other adverse effects of using steroids?
(a) Liver tumors
(b) Skin problems such as acne, cysts, oily hair and skin
(c) HIV, Hepatitis B and C form non sterile needles/ sharing needles
(d) Infective carditis (potentially fatal inflammation of inner lining of heart
(e) “Roid rage”
(f) Anecdotal reports of euphoria
(g) Depression may result after cessation of steroid use
Name to common inhalants
- Volatile solvents
- Aerosoles
- Gases
- Nitrates
What are the effects on the human body using inhalants?
(1) Sudden sniffing death syndrome
(2) Suppressed immunological system
(3) Injury to red blood cells
(4) Bone marrow injury
(5) Increased risk of leukemia
(6) Cardiac arrest
(7) Burn injuries (flammability)
(8) Respiratory obstruction
(9) Death from sudden cooling/cold injury to airways
(10) Limb spams
(11) Loss of sensation
(12) Liver damage/failure
(13) Reproductive complications
(14) Hearing and vision damage
