4.2 Theories of Casualty

Question 1

Define Casualty

Answer 1

relationship of cause and effect.

Question 2

Define Perspective

Answer 2

a mental view or prospect.

Question 3

Define Etiology

Answer 3

The cause of a condition

Question 4

Define Genetic

Answer 4

Inherited characteristics

Question 5

Define Biological

Answer 5

dealing with, pertaining to or affecting the mind

Question 6

Define Sociological

Answer 6

dealing with aspects pertaining to environment and culture.

Question 7

Define Spirituality

Answer 7

a way of behaving about a belief that there is a power beyond self that provides
strength and direction in people’s lives, as distinguished from formal religion.

Question 8

Define Moral

Answer 8

pertaining to the “right” or “wrong” conduct or principles.

Question 9

Define Legal

Answer 9

issues that pertain to the laws governing the society in which an individual lives.

Question 10

Define Deviant

Answer 10

outside of acceptable norms.

Question 11

What are the four basic models with attendant theories of casualties?

Answer 11

(1) Biological/medical
(2) Psychological
(3) Sociological
(4) Moral/legal

Question 12

What are the major theories?

Answer 12

1. Attendance Theories
2. Perspectives
3. Biological/Medical
4. Psychological
5. Sociological
6. Moral/Legal

Question 13

What are the composite causality approach?

Answer 13

1. Shortcomings

2. Composite Casualty

Question 14

What is Shortcoming Casualty?

Answer 14

(1) Nearly all discussions of causality pit one model against another.
(2) Each model is inadequate to explain all cases of chemical abuse.
(3) Some lack supporting evidence.

Question 15

What is Compostie Casualty?

Answer 15

(1) Chemical use/abuse is seen as a complex interaction between pharmacological, biological, psychological, sociological and spiritual.
(2) Two or more causes can work together in the same individual and in different proportions in different individuals.

Question 16

What are the advantages of composite casualty model?

Answer 16

(a) Multi causality approaches recognize the value of input in prevention and treatment from many different sources.
(b) Leads to a variety of prevention and treatment approaches that are geared toward the “individual” and/or socio-cultural groups.
(c) Using a multi-cause perspective with a multi-faceted approach to prevention and treatment is the most effective.
(d) Consistent with treatment that focuses on the patient’s needs and follows ASAM model.