4.6 Landscapes And Processes

Question 1

What is meant by the long profile or the river

Answer 1

A long profile or a river shows you the gradient of it

Question 2

How does the river eden’s landscape change along its profile

Answer 2

At the upper river it is: v-shaped steep sides narrow and shallow
In the middle it was: gently sloping, and the valley sides are wider and deeper
Lower: gentle gradient very wide almost flat and very wide and deep

Question 3

What are the reasons for these changes of a river

Answer 3

The river gets wider and deeper as it goes down the valley

Question 4

Compare hydraulic action with abrasion

Answer 4

Hydraulic action is the erosion that occurs when the motion of water. against a rock surface produces mechanical weathering. abrasion is mechanical scraping of a rock surface by friction between rocks and moving particles during their transport

Question 5

Define weathering

Answer 5

Weathering breaks down rocks on valley sides

Question 6

Compare freeze thaw and biological weathering

Answer 6

Freeze thaw happens when the temperature alternates water gets into rocks and freezes and expands which puts pressure on the rock repeated freezing widens cracks. Biological weathering is the disintegrating due to acidity

Question 7

Compare traction with suspension transport

Answer 7

Traction is when large particles like boulders are pushed along the rover bed by the force of water.
Suspension is when small particles like silt are carried along by the water

Question 8

Explain the stages and processes responsible for waterfall formation

Answer 8

Waterfalls form where a river flows over an area of hard work followed by an area of softer rock. Softer rock is eroded more than the hard rock creating a step river. As water goes over the step it erodes more and more of the softer rock. A step drop is eventually created which is called a waterfall. The hard rock then becomes undercut by erosion it becomes supported and collapses. The collapsed rocks swirl around and erode by abrasion creating a plunge pool

Question 9

Label the key features of a flood hydrograph

Answer 9

Peak discharge: the highest in the period of time
Lag time: the delay between peak rainfall and peak discharge
Rising limb: the increase in river discharge as rainwater flows into the river
Falling limb: the decrease in river discharge as the river returns to its normal level

Question 10

Compare a flashy and subdued hydrograph

Answer 10

A flashy hydrograph is has a high peak discharge and a subdued hydrograph has a low discharge

Question 11

Explain how physical factors can affect hydrographs ( geology, soil, basin type )

Answer 11

more impermeable soils cant absorb as much water. The steeper the slope the less infiltration previously wet or cold weather can increase runoff