4.3 geology- distinctive costal landscapes

Question 1

What is the rock type like on a concordant coast line

Answer 1

On a concordant coastline the altering bands of rock are parallel to the coast and go hard rock,soft rock, hard rock etc…

Question 2

What features are found on a concordant coastline

Answer 2

Concordant coastlines are eroded at the same rate because the hard rock faces the sea therefore there aren’t many erosional landforms

Question 3

What is the rock type like on a discordant coastline

Answer 3

Discordant coastlines are right angled to the coast and are made op of bands of soft rock and hard rock

Question 4

What features are found on a discordant coastline

Answer 4

Erosional landforms like bays and headlands are very common on a discordant coastline as the bands of rock are being eroded at different rates

Question 5

What are joints and faults how do they effect erosion

Answer 5

Joints and faults are cracks and weaknesses in the rock. Rocks with. Lots of joints and faults erode faster

Question 6

What is the difference between hard and soft rock give examples

Answer 6

Hard rocks like limestone and chalk are more resistant so it takes longer for them to erode away. Soft rocks like clay and sandstone are less resistant which means they are eroded more quickly

Question 7

What are the characteristics of headlands and bays

Answer 7

Headlands are made from resistant rocks that have weaknesses and cracks headlands also form where there are alternating bands of resistant and less resistant rock along a coast. Bays between two headlands creating a beach.

Question 8

What are the characteristics of wave cut platforms

Answer 8

Wave cut platforms are when a cliff is brought back but there is still rock left underneath the sea surface protruding from the base of the cliff

Question 9

Explain how wave cut platforms are formed

Answer 9

Waves cause erosion at the foot of a cliff this forms a small notch in the cliff face which gradually gets bigger and bigger. The rock above the notch gradually becomes unstable and falls into the sea this process continues and the cliff slowly starts to retreat

Question 10

What are the characteristics of arch/stacks/stumps

Answer 10

A stack ( aka a stump )is a singular standing chunk of rock in the sea. An arch is what it says on the tin . A cave is a large hole in the side of a cliff and cracks are large indentations on a cliff

Question 11

Explain how stumps are formed

Answer 11

A stump is formed by an arch that has collapsed through constant erosion by the sea

Question 12

4.3b

Answer 12

4.3b

Question 13

Explain destructive waves

Answer 13

Destructive waves wear away the coast. Destructive waves are high and steep and have a high frequency. Their backwash is more powerful than their swash ( movement of water up beach ) this means material is removed from the beach. Storms increase erosional power of destructive waves

Question 14

Explain constructive waves

Answer 14

Waves that deposit more material then they erode are called constructive waves. Constructive waves are low long and have a low frequency. Their swash is powerful and carries water up the coast and their backwash isn’t very powerful

Question 15

Explain how rotational slumping/ mass movement break down cliffs

Answer 15

Mass movement is the shifting of rocks and loose material down a slope. This causes coasts to retreat rapidly. More likely to happen when the material is full of water as it acts as a lubricant and makes the material heavier

Question 16

What are the three types of mass movement

Answer 16

Slides: material shifts in a straight line
Slumps: material shifts with a rotation
Rockfalls: material breaks up and falls down slope