4.5 Stages Of Learning Flashcards
The three stages of learning
Cognitive associative autonomous
Cognitive stage
The initial phase in the learning process where a beginner is faced with a new skill or set of skills. Learners main concern is to understand what is required and how to attend the skill. There is little attention given to the wide environment and learner has to think about the skin a lot. Takes a lot of practice/trial and error coaches can help learners attend to relevant cues and provide feedback as learners are often unaware to correct errors during this phase successful actions are retained in unsuccessful ones, discarded so progress appears rapid
What does a cognitive learner look like?
1.inconsistent e.g. only 50% of serves reach the service box
2.lots of errors.
3.uncoordinated
4. Lack flow/poor timing.
5.jerky movement
6. lack tactical awareness
Associative stage
This phase begins when the learner can perform the action, but starts to refine the skill. Smoother patterns of movement begins to emerge before it begins to monitor their own feedback, but additional feedback is still required and needs to be more detailed than in the cognitive stage. greater emphasis is now kinaesthesis. Skill can be performed in a changing environment.
What does an associative learner look like?
Matching or associating a mental picture with a natural performance e.g. rugby player attempts to dropkick in sees if it matches a demonstration.
Motor programs begins to be formed.
Kinaesthetic or intrinsic feedback used
Increase fluency/less jerky/less mistakes
Autonomous stage
Motor programs are completely formed in the long-term memory and reaction time is short for performance to stay. In this stage. They must continually refer back to the associated phase where practice insures motor of programs are reinforced.
What does an autonomous learner look like?
1.little conscious thought needed.
2. Performer is able to ignore distractions
3.performer can concentrate on strategies.
4. Performer will have quick reactions as most program will properly be formed.
5. Confident performance
6.performance will be a good quality
7.performer is able to use kinaesthesis
What are the four types of guidance?
Visual(demo). Verbal (explain) manual (hands-on) mechanical (use of aid)
Visual guidance
All level of learners, particularly useful for cognitive stages of learning helps, perform a create a mental image
Forms of visual guidance
Demonstration – copying or imitating a skilled performance
Visual aids – models pictures, photographs videos static visual aids is limited as learning moves into associative stage. Moving visual aids very successful to a learning.
Modifying the display – learners attention upon certain stimuli within the display, obvious consequences of improving the learning, selective attention to important information
Verbal guidance
Instructions coaching points, encouragement. Guide attention to key points during demonstrations. Best for open skills when quick decisions and adaptations required. Quite easy to tell learners about tactics rather than show them. Verbal guidance used to create an image 
Manual guidance
Involves coach holding and physically manipulating body of the learner to induce the correct pattern of movement
Mechanical guidance
Making use of an object or piece of apparatus to shape the skill
Advantages of visual guidance
Help create a mental picture. Allows advance performance to analyse their own own performance, enables queueing . Gives understanding of movement requirement encourages observational learning
Disadvantages of visual guidance
Not good for long skills with too much info. Static displays quickly loose their impact. Demo could be correct. Slow motion, demos can be unclear.
