4.4 learning theories Flashcards
What are the three theories of learning?
– Operant conditioning
– cognitive theory of learning,
– banduras theory of social/observational learning
What is operant conditioning?
1.association link stimulus with set response.
2.correct behaviour reinforced
3.form/strengthen SR bond.
4.Learn skills faster with reinforcement/reward
5. trial and error.
6.negative reinforcement, strengthen SR bond
7. Punishment prevent a response occurring/weaken SR bond.
8.environmental manipulation, improve the bond through condition practices
9. shaping shapes or modifies behaviour praises skills, along with the right lines/ignores techniques that are wrong.
10. Thorndikes law
Example for operant conditioning
Association – badminton players to smash when they see the shuttlecock high and the near the net
Reinforced – praising the player for performing the smash.
SR bond – reinforcement means smash is more likely to be repeated. Next time. Stimulus is present.
Reinforcement – coach praises every time smash is performed correctly.
Trial and error- Try smash shot realises what they’re doing wrong and works on it to correct play.
Negative reinforcement – coach stop shouting/correcting when smash was performed at the right time.
Punishment – sprint up and down the hall after putting the shuttlecock into the net.
Environmental manipulation – coach could draw circle on the floor for a player to aim, smash into
Shaping Praises that player use the correct smash action, even though he hit the net
What is reinforcement?
Process causing behaviour to re-occur by strengthening the SR bond
What is positive reinforcement?
Use of a satisfier to increase probability of a response or behaviour occurring it encourages correct SR bonds
What is negative reinforcement
A stimulus which were removed increases. The probability of the response occurring some performers are used to having a coach who constantly yells criticism at them. If the performer has a relatively good game and it escapes criticism, then the removal of the adverse stimulus encourages correct SR bond.
What is punishment?
Presentation of an adverse event in order to discourage the previous behaviour. Breaks incorrect, SR bonds
What are the guidelines for giving reinforcements?
– Reinforce immediately.
– be consistent.
– respond to effort and behaviour.
– allow mistakes.
– maintain reinforcement, even after behaviours, learned
What are Thorndikes three laws
Law of affect, law of exercise, law of readiness
What is the law of effect?
If the behaviour is followed by satisfier, it is more likely to be repeated if the behaviour is followed by an annoyer , the less likely it is to be reproduced
What is the law of effect?
The more often or responses practice the stronger than learning bond will become
What is the law of readiness?
Learning can take place if the performer is physically and mentally ready/prepared
Gave an example of law of affect
Beginner, ropey player, learning, spin pass, and is successful effect is deemed successful and more likely player will perform skill correctly again if unsuccessful and effect is failure, ball goes in wrong direction. Then the effect is one that is subsequently avoided.
Example of law of exercise
If a gymnast practices, a floor routine repeatedly, then the stimulus response bonds are repeated exercised The more times of skill is practised. The more likely a response will be bonded to a particular stimulus.
Example of law of readiness
Hockey player has been drilled to perform a particular penalty flick, maybe predictable and motivated by inhabitation practic should be stopped for awhile. Perhaps try new strategies. New target should be set practice resumed
