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Chemistry A level > 4.5 Carboxylic acids > Flashcards

4.5 Carboxylic acids Flashcards

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1
Q

What makes an acid dissociate more?

A

The stability of the ion formed

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2
Q

Order of acidity of Phenol, Carboxylic acids, alcohols and water (most acidic to least)

A

Carboxylic acid
Phenol
Alcohol
Water

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3
Q

What is an -anoate ion?

A

R-COO-

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4
Q

What are the properties of a carboxylic acid ion? (-anoate ion)

A

negative charge shared between the 2 oxygen atoms stabilising the ion

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5
Q

What are the properties of a phenoxide ion?

A

Overlapping P orbitals take in lone pair on oxygen reducing its negative charge

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6
Q

What are the properties of a hydroxide ion?

A

Nucleophilic and unstable

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7
Q

What are the steps to create an aromatic acid?

A
  1. oxidation of side chain using alkaline potassium manganate (VII)
    2.hydration using HCl
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8
Q

How are aromatic acids formed?

A

Oxidation of an aromatic side chain

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9
Q

What is a dimer?

A

two molecules joined by intermolecular forces

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10
Q

Reagent in decarboxylation?

A

Soda lime (NaOH)

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11
Q

Why is decarboxylation used?

A

To shorten the carbon chain

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12
Q

What products are formed in decarboxylation?

A

Na2CO3 and H2O

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13
Q

Reagent in esterification

A

H2SO4

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14
Q

Formula for naming esters?

A

Alcohol then ketone
R-ol R-oate

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15
Q

CH3CH2OCH3 + NaOH

A

CH3COO-Na+ + CH3CH2OH

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16
Q

3 reagents used to form ethanoyl chloride?

A

PCl3, PCl5, SOCl2

17
Q

CH3COOH + PCl3 —>

A

CH3COCl + H3PO3(aq)

18
Q

CH3COOH + PCl5 —>

A

CH3COCl + POCl3 + HCl

19
Q

CH3COOH + SOCl2 —>

A

CH3COCl + SO2 + HCl

20
Q

Why is thionyl chloride used in industry to synthesise ethanoyl chloride?

A

No separation of products is required and is more exothermic

21
Q

What is an amide?

A

R-CONH-R

22
Q

Reagent for the preparation of a nitrile

A

KCN

23
Q

Hydrolysis with alkalines forms a:

A

salt

Chemistry A level (18 decks)

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