3.3 Chemistry of the p-Block

Question 1

What does amphoteric mean?

Answer 1

A compound with both basic and acidic properties

Question 2

What shape is the P orbital?

Answer 2

Dumbell

Question 3

Why can PCl5 exist but not NCl5?

Answer 3

As nitrogen has no available D-orbitals and therefore cannot expand the octet

Question 4

How does PCl5 exist?

Answer 4

Phosphorous has D orbitals, electrons can unpair and jump allowing 5 covalent bonds to form with 10 electrons in its outer shell

Question 5

What is a general rule for the expanding the octet?

Answer 5

If there is space in the d orbital, the number of outer electrons is the number of covalent bonds formed

Question 6

Why is BF3 called electron deficient?

Answer 6

As it the Boron only has 6 electron in the outer shell

Question 7

What energy type is bond making?

Answer 7

Exothermic

Question 8

What energy type is bond breaking?

Answer 8

Endothermic

Question 9

2AlCl3 —->

Answer 9

Al2Cl6

Question 10

Why does 2AlCl3 go to Al2Cl6?

Answer 10

As the lone pairs on the chlorine forms coordinate bonds with the Aluminium

Question 11

Name 2 amphoteric ions?

Answer 11

Al 3+
Pb 2+

Question 12

How do Aluminium and lead react as bases?

Answer 12

By forming salt and water

Question 13

How do you identify an amphoteric compound?

Answer 13

Adding NaOH it will from a white precipitate that re dissolves in excess NaOH

Question 14

What are the properties of diamond? (5)

Answer 14

Hard, high melting point, forms 4 covalent bonds, conducts heat, does not conduct electricity

Question 15

What are the properties of Graphite? (5)

Answer 15

Soft, 3 covalent bonds, conducts heat, high melting point, conducts electricity

Question 16

What does Isoelectronic mean?

Answer 16

A compound with the same number of electrons in its outer shell as another

Question 17

What does allotrope mean?

Answer 17

A different form of the same element

Question 18

Name an isoelectronic compound to diamond and graphite?

Answer 18

Cubic B-N and Hexagonal B-N

Question 19

What does Immiscible mean?

Answer 19

Does not mix

Question 20

How does Carbon chloride react with water? + observation

Answer 20

Does not react (due to no d orbitals in carbon) but forms layers with CCl4 on top

Question 21

How does silicon chloride react with water? + observation

Answer 21

forms SiO2 or SI(OH)4 and HCl
a white precipitate and misty fumes are observed

Question 22

How does lead chloride react with cold water? + observation

Answer 22

No reaction
white solid (lead) in water

Question 23

How does lead chloride react with hot water? + observation

Answer 23

Sparingly soluble
colourless solution with white ppt

Question 24

What colour is PbI2?

Answer 24

Canary yellow ppt

Question 25

What is the inert pair effect?

Answer 25

The trend of stability of oxidation states and the unsharring of the outer s-orbital electrons (an inert pair)

Question 26

What is the inert pair effect?

Answer 26

The trend of stability of oxidation states and the unsharring of the outer s-orbital electrons (an inert pair)

Question 27

What is the trend of the inert pair effect?

Answer 27

+4 more stable at top of group +2 more stable at bottom of the group

Question 28

What is the trend of electronegativity in group 7?

Answer 28

Electronegativity decreases down the group

Question 29

What is a disproportionation reaction?

Answer 29

Where an element is both reduced and oxidised in the same reaction

Question 30

What is HClO used for? (and its name?)

Answer 30

Chlorate (I) acid kills bacteria in pools

Question 31

What is NaClO used for? (and its name?)

Answer 31

Sodium chlorate (I) is bleach

Question 32

What is NaClO3 used for? (and its name?)

Answer 32

Sodium chlorate (V) is weed killer

Question 33

What does an oxidising agent do?

Answer 33

Gains electrons

Question 34

What does a reducing agent do?

Answer 34

Looses electrons

Question 35

What does a reducing agent do?

Answer 35

Looses electrons

Question 36

What does NaBr/Cl/I + H2SO4 do?

Answer 36

Forms NaHSO4 + HCl/Br/I with misty fumes

Question 37

What does HBr + H2SO4 do?

Answer 37

Br2 (orange yellow solution) + SO2 (choking gas) + H2O

Question 38

What does HI + H2SO4 do?

Answer 38

I2 ( orange brown solution) + H2S (rotten egg smell) and H2O

Question 39

What does sublimation mean?

Answer 39

Move from solid to gas

Question 40

What colour is I2 solid and gas

Answer 40

solid- grey gas - purple