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chemistry a level > 3.3 Chemistry of the p-Block > Flashcards

3.3 Chemistry of the p-Block Flashcards

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1
Q

What does amphoteric mean?

A

A compound with both basic and acidic properties

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2
Q

What shape is the P orbital?

A

Dumbell

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3
Q

Why can PCl5 exist but not NCl5?

A

As nitrogen has no available D-orbitals and therefore cannot expand the octet

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4
Q

How does PCl5 exist?

A

Phosphorous has D orbitals, electrons can unpair and jump allowing 5 covalent bonds to form with 10 electrons in its outer shell

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5
Q

What is a general rule for the expanding the octet?

A

If there is space in the d orbital, the number of outer electrons is the number of covalent bonds formed

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6
Q

Why is BF3 called electron deficient?

A

As it the Boron only has 6 electron in the outer shell

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7
Q

What energy type is bond making?

A

Exothermic

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8
Q

What energy type is bond breaking?

A

Endothermic

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9
Q

2AlCl3 —->

A

Al2Cl6

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10
Q

Why does 2AlCl3 go to Al2Cl6?

A

As the lone pairs on the chlorine forms coordinate bonds with the Aluminium

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11
Q

Name 2 amphoteric ions?

A

Al 3+
Pb 2+

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12
Q

How do Aluminium and lead react as bases?

A

By forming salt and water

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13
Q

How do you identify an amphoteric compound?

A

Adding NaOH it will from a white precipitate that re dissolves in excess NaOH

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14
Q

What are the properties of diamond? (5)

A

Hard, high melting point, forms 4 covalent bonds, conducts heat, does not conduct electricity

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15
Q

What are the properties of Graphite? (5)

A

Soft, 3 covalent bonds, conducts heat, high melting point, conducts electricity

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16
Q

What does Isoelectronic mean?

A

A compound with the same number of electrons in its outer shell as another

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17
Q

What does allotrope mean?

A

A different form of the same element

18
Q

Name an isoelectronic compound to diamond and graphite?

A

Cubic B-N and Hexagonal B-N

19
Q

What does Immiscible mean?

A

Does not mix

20
Q

How does Carbon chloride react with water? + observation

A

Does not react (due to no d orbitals in carbon) but forms layers with CCl4 on top

21
Q

How does silicon chloride react with water? + observation

A

forms SiO2 or SI(OH)4 and HCl
a white precipitate and misty fumes are observed

22
Q

How does lead chloride react with cold water? + observation

A

No reaction
white solid (lead) in water

23
Q

How does lead chloride react with hot water? + observation

A

Sparingly soluble
colourless solution with white ppt

24
Q

What colour is PbI2?

A

Canary yellow ppt

25
Q

What is the inert pair effect?

A

The trend of stability of oxidation states and the unsharring of the outer s-orbital electrons (an inert pair)

26
Q

What is the inert pair effect?

A

The trend of stability of oxidation states and the unsharring of the outer s-orbital electrons (an inert pair)

27
Q

What is the trend of the inert pair effect?

A

+4 more stable at top of group
+2 more stable at bottom of the group

28
Q

What is the trend of electronegativity in group 7?

A

Electronegativity decreases down the group

29
Q

What is a disproportionation reaction?

A

Where an element is both reduced and oxidised in the same reaction

30
Q

What is HClO used for? (and its name?)

A

Chlorate (I) acid kills bacteria in pools

31
Q

What is NaClO used for? (and its name?)

A

Sodium chlorate (I) is bleach

32
Q

What is NaClO3 used for? (and its name?)

A

Sodium chlorate (V) is weed killer

33
Q

What does an oxidising agent do?

A

Gains electrons

34
Q

What does a reducing agent do?

A

Looses electrons

35
Q

What does a reducing agent do?

A

Looses electrons

36
Q

What does NaBr/Cl/I + H2SO4 do?

A

Forms NaHSO4 + HCl/Br/I with misty fumes

37
Q

What does HBr + H2SO4 do?

A

Br2 (orange yellow solution) + SO2 (choking gas) + H2O

38
Q

What does HI + H2SO4 do?

A

I2 ( orange brown solution) + H2S (rotten egg smell) and H2O

39
Q

What does sublimation mean?

A

Move from solid to gas

40
Q

What colour is I2 solid and gas

A

solid- grey
gas - purple

chemistry a level (18 decks)

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