4.5 - Birmingham Flashcards
What was Birmingham’s population in 2014 and how much was this an increase by since 2004?
1.1 million people - an increase of 9.9 percent since 2004.
What percent of the population in Birmingham were children in 2014 and how much higher was is than regional and national averages?
22.9 percent in 2014, and 19 percent higher than the averages.
Give the key reasons for population growth in Birmingham.
increase in number of births, rise in international migration, and declining death rate from improved health care.
What percent of people living in Birmingham were of pensionable age in 2014 and how much lower was it than the regional and national averages?
13.1 percent were of pensionable age, and it was 18 percent lower than the averages.
Give the key reasons for deindustrialisation in Birmingham.
increased imports of foreign cars - less demand for cars produced in Birmingham, ring road built in the 1970’s which removed some factories to make way, inner city redeveloped - old factories demolished to make space for new housing, and some industries couldn’t keep up with higher-tech companies and shut down.
What is deprivation?
a way of measuring people’s access to general resources and opportunities.
What are the main reasons for economic change in Birmingham?
decline in manufacturing industry and lack of investment.
What percent of Birmingham’s population live in areas that are among the most deprived in England?
40 percent.
Where is deprivation highest in Birmingham?
the inner city areas.
What are the main reasons for the quality of life being so low in Birmingham currently?
slow investment in inner city, some migrants don’t have the qualifications for jobs available, increasing population in inner city = more strain on health services, services like schooling and housing haven’t kept up with increased demand, the available jobs often don’t require qualifications but are not long contracts.
Why has Birmingham’s CBD population decreased?
New shopping centres - out-of-town centres have advantages - cheaper + larger units than CBD for retailers, and free, easier parking for consumers.
Rise of internet shopping - don’t have to go anywhere, 24 hr shopping, and special discounts means reduced numbers going out and using the CBD to shop.
What has the council there done to address the decline in retailing due to CBD decline?
supported redevelopment projects.
What are the main impacts of decentralisation in Birmingham?
movement of shops to out of town locations cause a 12 percent decline in CBD trade, the movement of shops away from there caused a redevelopment of the site, then the redevelopment of the CBD through projects like the Mailbox saw a growth in trade.
