44 Staph + Strep

Question 1

Strep is a ____ (shape) that is often arranged in _____ (morphology).

Answer 1

Cocci; chains

Question 2

Staph is a ___ (shape) that is usually arranged in ______ (morphology).

Answer 2

Cocci; clusters

Question 3

Staph and strep are both Gram __

Answer 3

G+

Question 4

Strep is catalase ____.

Answer 4

Negative

Question 5

Staph is catalase ____.

Answer 5

Positive

Question 6

What do strep colonies look like grossly?

Answer 6

Small clear colonies

Question 7

What do staph colonies look like grossly?

Answer 7

Medium white to yellow colonies

Question 8

Staph and strep both tend to result in _______ (type of inflammation) pathology.

Answer 8

Purulent/neutrophilic

Question 9

What organism causes necrotizing fasciitis in dogs?

Answer 9

Strep. canis

Question 10

_____ hemolytic strep tends to be more pathogenic.

Question 11

What organism causes strangles in horses?

Answer 11

Strep equi ssp equi

Question 12

An important type of strep in dogs and cats is _______.

Answer 12

Strep. canis

Question 13

Two important types of strep in horses are __________.

Answer 13

Strep. equi ssp zooepidemicus and Step. equi ssp. equi

Question 14

What kind of strep is zoonotic?

Answer 14

Strep. suis

Question 15

What common opportunistic infections do Strep canis cause in dogs?

Answer 15

Pneumonia, UTIs, superficial or necrotizing skin infections, endocarditis

Question 16

What is M protein and what species of microorganism is it found on?

Answer 16

Virulance factor of Strep; surface protein with adhesin and antiphagocytic properties (inhibits complement fixation)

Question 17

What are 3 important species of coagulase positive Staph?

Answer 17

Staph aureus, Staph pseudintermedius, and Staph hyicus

Question 18

Coagulase positive staph are usually (more/less) pathogenic.

Answer 18

More

Question 19

What kind of staph causes mastitis in cattle?

Answer 19

Staph aureus

Question 20

In general what kinds of infections do staph cause?

Answer 20

Skin infections, wound infections, mastitis, opportunistic infections

Question 21

Greasy pig disease is caused by ___________

Answer 21

Staph hyicus

Question 22

Bumble foot is caused by ______

Answer 22

Staph aureus

Question 23

What is the function of Staphylococcus protein A (SpA)?

Answer 23

Virulence factor/surface protein that binds IgG by Fc region to disrupt opsonization

Question 24

What is the function of the capsule in Staphylococcus?

Answer 24

Antiphagocytic, inhibits antibody attachment, binds host tissue

Question 25

What is the function of coagulase for staphylococcus?

Answer 25

Virulence factor to evade host immune response by converting fibrinogen–>fibrin to clump bacteria together

Question 26

What are the function of hemolysins in Staph?

Answer 26

Damages host membrane w/ alpha and beta toxin

Question 27

What type of bacteria releases epidermolytic/exfoliative toxins?

Answer 27

Staph hyicus and Staph pseudintermedius

Question 28

T or F: Staph uses superantigens as a virulence factor.

Answer 28

T

Question 29

What genera of bacteria is notorious for biofilm formation?

Answer 29

Staph

Question 30

In regards to clinical procedures, where might you find biofilms?

Answer 30

Catheters, bone, surgical implants

Question 31

What are the advantages of forming a biofilm?

Answer 31

Avoid host immune response; decreased antimicrobial drug penetration