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VET411 Dermatology > 17 Antibiotics > Flashcards

17 Antibiotics Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What are the two types of percutaneous drug administration?

A

Topical (local) and transdermal (systemic)

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2
Q

Regarding the skin, what is the biggest barrier for drug absorption?

A

Stratum corneum

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3
Q

How do polar compounds travel through the skin?

A

Intracellular (straight through cells)

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4
Q

How do lipophilic compounds travel through the skin?

A

Intercellular (weaving in between cells)

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5
Q

T or F: the epidermis contains enzymes that may metabolize pharmaceuticals

A

True

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6
Q

What classes of antibiotics are B-lactam antibiotics?

A

Penicillins and cephalosporins

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7
Q

Are B lactam antibiotics time or concentration dependent?

A

Time

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8
Q

What is the MOA of B-lactam antibiotics?

A

Disruption of the synthesis and integrity of the peptidoglycan cell wall

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9
Q

What is the function of clavulanic acid?

A

Beta-lactamase inhibitor

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10
Q

What is an example of a lincosamide?

A

Clindamycin or lincomycin

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11
Q

Are lincosamides time or concentration dependent?

A

Time dependent

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12
Q

What is the MOA of lincosamides?

A

Interferes with protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit

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13
Q

Which class of antibiotics is contraindicated in horses and why?

A

Lincosamides, due to enterocolitis

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14
Q

Are potentiated sulfonamide antibiotics time or concentration dependent?

A

Time dependent

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15
Q

What is the MOA of sulfonamides?

A

Inhibition of folic acid synthesis

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16
Q

Why are sulfa antibiotics mixed with ormetoprim or trimethoprim?

A

Alone these compounds are all bacteriostatic, but when combined they are synergistic and become bacteriocidal

17
Q

What is the MOA of tetracyclines?

A

Inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 30S ribosomal subunit

18
Q

Are tetracyclines time or concentration dependent?

A

Time dependent

19
Q

What antibiotic class can cause esophageal strictures in cats?

A

Tetracyclines

20
Q

What is the MOA of chloramphenicol?

A

Inhibition of protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit

21
Q

When are fluoroquinolones indicated?

A

Complicated bacterial infections

22
Q

Are fluoroquinolones time or concentration dependent?

A

Concentration dependent

23
Q

What is the MOA of fluoroquinolones?

A

Inhibition of DNA replication/transcription by inhibiting DNA gyrase

24
Q

What is the MOA of aminoglycosides?

A

Inhibits translation by binding the 30S ribosomal subunit

25
Q

Are aminoglycosides time or concentration dependent?

A

Concentration dependent

26
Q

What factors effect percutaneous absorption?

A

Hydration (more hydrated = better absorption), stratum corneum thickness/integrity, cutaneous blood flow

27
Q

What are the mechanisms of beta lactam resistance?

A

-Reduced penetration through cell wall
-Efflux via pumps
-Altered penicillin binding proteins
-Production of beta lactamases

28
Q

What are the adverse effects of beta lactam antibiotics?

A

-Intestinal flora disturbance
-Hypersensitivity
-CNS effects at high concentrations

29
Q

What are the adverse effects of lincosamides, and which species are they typically observed in?

A

Bacterial overgrowth, enteritis/enterocolitis in ruminants and horses

30
Q

What are the adverse effects of potentiated sulfonamides?

A

-Crystalluria
-Keratoconjunctivitis sicca
-Hypersensitivity
-Anemia & thrombocytopenia

31
Q

What are the adverse effects of tetracyclines?

A

-GI flora changes
-Esophageal strictures in cats
-Binding to bone and teeth

32
Q

What are the adverse effects of chloramphenicol?

A

-Anemia
-GI disturbances

33
Q

What are the adverse effects of fluoroquinolones?

A

-Retinal degeneration in cats
-GI disturbance
-Developmental arthropathy

34
Q

What are the adverse effects of aminoglycosides?

A

-Ototoxicity
-Nephrotoxicity

VET411 Dermatology (6 decks)

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