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APE Unit 4 > 4.4 > Flashcards

4.4 Flashcards

1
Q

Danton

A

-led the sans-culottes and paris commune and Committee of Public safety INITIALLY

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2
Q

The National Convention

A
  • the members of had political experience
  • they abolished the monarchy and established a republic
  • the girondins and mountains, WHO WERE BOTH FROM THE JACOBIN CLUB were split on the fate of the king
  • the convention then decided to kill louis
  • the mountain thus won!
  • after louis was killed, the paris commune invaded the convention and ousted the girondins and made the mountains in charge
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3
Q

Girondins

A
  • wanted to involve france in a war that would discredit the monarchy and extend france’s revolutionary ideals across europe
  • they wanted louis to be imprisoned
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4
Q

Mountain

A
  • they wanted him to be executed
  • represented the ideas of Paris
  • more radical
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5
Q

Domestic Crises

A
  • the dispute between the girondins and mountain was one (after louis was killed, the commune invaded the convention and ousted the girondins and made the mountains in charge)
  • in western france and vendee the convention had no control because of the revolts and rebellions who wanted the old order to be back. then lyons and marseilles also joined this counterrevolution
  • girondists and royalist catholics rebelled against the tyranny of radical Jacobins
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6
Q

Foreign Crisis

A
  • the first coalition (england, spain, holland, sardinia, prussia, and austria) were prepared to fight france. thus the revolution needed to do something
  • faced with foreign invaders and threat of domestic rebellion, the convention gave broad powers to the Committee of Public Safety
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7
Q

Responding to the Foreign and Domestic Crisis: the Convention

A
  • the committee called for a mobilization of the nation in order to create a nation in arms
  • this army then pushed back the coalition and conquers Austrian Netherlands !yay!
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8
Q

before the nation in arms

A
  • small armies of professional soldiers (no determination)

- less ferocious because they were organized and had less objectives?

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9
Q

nation in arms

A
  • this was a creation of the people’s government
  • the wars were now people’s wars
  • the wars became more ferocious
  • there was also levee en masse (mass participation)
  • they were fighting for THEIR COUNTRY not the RULER
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10
Q

Levee en masse

A
  • men having to do mandatory military service

- this created a military based on MASS PARTICIPATION

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11
Q

Responding to Domestic Crisis: the Committee of Public Safety (Reign of Terror)

A
  • this was to protect the republic from the internal enemies (domestic crisis)
  • people who opposed the radicals (marie antoinette) were killed by using the guillotine
  • a majority of the victims were peasant and laboring class (60%)
  • in order to bring back the rebelling cities, marseilles, lyons, vendee, and nantes were destroyed by the republic’s military
  • this reign of terror was only temporary because afterwards, the republic of virtue and declaration of rights of man and citizen would be in action again
  • the committee justified this by saying they are representing the general will where everything opposed to it is outside the sovereign and therefore is an enemy, but they really had taken upon themselves the right to ascertain the sovereign will of the french people
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12
Q

Responding to Domestic and Foreign Crisis: the Committee of Public Safety (The Republic of Virtue)

A

-they wanted to create a new republican order and new republican citizens by sending representatives to tell people about the war condition and to carry out laws and providing ECONOMIC CONTROL (law of general maximum and system for gathering food supplies). these controls failed however because they couldn’t enforce them

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13
Q

Robespierre

A

an important member of the Committee of public safety

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14
Q

Law of General Maximum

A

this established PRICE CONTROL on goods declared of first necessity

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15
Q

The Committee of Public Safety: de-Christianizing

A
  • THE POLICIES NOT PEOPLE RUNNING AROUND WERE: the word saint was removed, churches were destroyed, priests were encouraged to marry, Notre-Dame was changed to Temple of Reason
  • a new republican calendar was put into place
  • de-christianization created more enemies than friends because france was extremely catholic
  • many people didn’t follow the new calendar and did stuff according to the old calendar and it was greatly opposed
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16
Q

Republican Calendar

A
  • this showed that there was a NEW ORDER and liberated from the OLD ORDER; A NEW BEGINNING
  • the government relied on FORCE to enforce this calender
  • it started from the day the french republic was proclaimed instead of jesus’s birth
  • there were no more worship days, NO MORE SUNDAYS
  • the names of the months were changed (shows anti-christian interest)
  • there were less non-working holidays than before, therefore you work more
17
Q

The Committee of Public Safety: Equality and Slavery

A
  • because of the revolution, there was no more slavery (equality)
  • slaves in saint-domingue who were inspired by the revolution in france, revolted
  • then toussaint L’ouverture led the revolt and seized Hispaniola
  • the nation convention were influenced by the ideals of equality abolished slavery in the colonies
  • napoleon reinstated slavery and put soldiers to Hispaniola, but they eventually died of the diseases and Hispaniola (haiti) became independent
18
Q

The Role of Women

A
  • as spectators at the clubs and revolutionary sessions, women could make deputies aware of their demands (lower bread prices and the founding of Society of Revolutionary Republican Women)
  • although they were important to the revolutionary cause, many radical or conservative men still believed a woman’s place should be in the house, instead of politics or the military
19
Q

The Decline of the Committee of Public Safety

A
  • since everything was getting out of control, there were excess with the reign of terror, people on missions, campaign against christianity was damped
  • then the committee turned paris commune WHO WERE SUPPORTERS also although they defeated foreign people, robespierre wanted to continue purifying the body politics of all the corrupt and continue the reign of terror
  • because they were fearing for their lives and yearning for stability and wanted to destroy him before he destroyed them, they killed them
20
Q

The Thermidorian Reaction

A
  • after the execution of robespierre, moderate forces regained control of the revolution….
  • the reign of terror subsided
  • the committee of public safety’s power of decreased
  • the jacobin club was shut down
  • churches were reopened
  • economic regulation was dropped in favor of laissez-faire policies
  • a new constitution was created which was MORE CONSERVATIVE REPUBLICANISM
21
Q

The Constitution of 1795

A
  • the legislative assembly had two chambers (unlike a single legislative assembly) : Council of 500/ lower house and upper council/ Council of Elders who were elected by electors. the electors were chosen by active citizens/ male taxpayers
  • there were fewer electors, therefore fewer people to vote
  • the directory was the executive power. it was dominated by the rich bourgeoisie, making it corrupt and unpopular
  • two thirds of national assembly must be chosen from the national convention ranks. this mad people in paris mad and they revolted but then were defeated. this was the LAST time the people of paris imposed their wishes on the central government
22
Q

The Age of Directory

A
  • it was a materialistic reaction to the revolution (clothes, gambling)
  • the directory had deal with the royalists who wanted to restore the monarchy and use violent uses and jacobins whose hopes for people who go their way were revived because of economic problems (gracchus)
  • they weren’t able to find a definitive solution to the economic problems
  • wars from the committee of public were still going on
  • all these problems (economy, wars, dealing with royalist and jacobins) caused the directory to rely on the MILITARY to maintain power
23
Q

Gracchus Babeuf

A

he didn’t like the misery of the common people and wanted to abolish private property and eliminate private enterprise

APE Unit 4 (7 decks)

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