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APE Unit 4 > 4.2 > Flashcards

4.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Before the American Revolution

A

-great britain wanted money to pay for the expenses of the 7 years war by taxing the
-colonists (the stamp act caused riots)
colonists declared their independence through the Declaration of Independence and the war started (dun,dun, dun!!!)

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2
Q

Britain’s view of an empire

A

parliament was the supreme authority and could make laws for EVERYONE INCLUDING THE COLONISTS

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3
Q

Declaration of Independence

A
  • influenced by Enlightenment thoughts

- written by Thomas Jefferson

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4
Q

America’s view of an empire

A

the king and parliament should not interfere with them and no tax could be forced upon the people without the consent of an assembly where the people were represented

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5
Q

The American Revolution

A
  • the continental army was created, put under George Washington’s command, and had not that great soldiers
  • the revolutionary war was also a civil war because of Loyalists
  • there were also patriots
  • the colonists had help from other countries (france) who wanted revenge
  • after General Cornwallis’s defeat at Yorktown, the treaty of paris ended everything
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6
Q

Loyalists

A
  • they were not sure if British policies justified the war

- they were wealthy and were 15 to 30 percent of the population

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7
Q

Treaty of Paris

A
  • recognized the independence of the colonies

- gave them control of land from appalachians to the mississippi

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8
Q

Forming a New Nation after the Revolution

A
  • they did not want a strong central government

- instead of revising the articles of confederation, they created a new constitution

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9
Q

The United States Constitution

A
  • the national government could impose taxes, raise an army, regulate trade, and create a national currency
  • the central / federal government controlled the other branches (check and balance)
  • executive power: president could execute laws, veto legislature’s acts, supervise foreign affairs, direct military forces,
  • legislative power: the Senate (elected by state legislatures) and House of Representatives (elected by people)
  • a bill of rights was added which were also the 10 of 12 amendments Congress added
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10
Q

Bill of Rights

A
  • gave freedom of religion, speech, press, petition, assembly, right to bear arms, protection against unreasonable arrests, trial by jury, due process of law, protection of property rights
  • influenced by Enlightenment thoughts
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11
Q

Patriots

A
  • they were a minority but were able to convince others to join them
  • some were rich and poor people
  • because there were rich and poor people in this spectrum, there was an impact on reprsentatie government in the states after the war (the right to vote was broadonede)
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12
Q

Impact of American Revolution on Europeans

A
  • europeans were able to read about the america’s event (books, magazines, newspapers) and believed this signify an era of change
  • convinced them that the progressive ideas of the Enlightenment people were not a fantasy, but a reality because the Americans created systems like that?
  • Marquis de Lafayette influenced france
  • the declaration of man and citizen were influenced by the declaration of independence and constitution
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13
Q

Marquis de Lafayette

A
  • he came back to france with the ideas of individual liberties, notions (idea) of republicanism, and popular sovereignty/ rule and joined the Society of Thirty
  • WAS NOT A JACOBIN
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14
Q

The First Estate

A
  • made up of the clergy
  • they were exempt from taille and collected taxes and had the best jobs
  • the higher clergy were from aristocratic families and parish priests were from the poor
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15
Q

The Second Estate

A
  • made up of the nobility
  • held important jobs and controlled many of the industries
  • they were divided into the nobility of the robe and sword
  • through the Segur law, they were a closed community because they commonly married within their ranks
  • they prized their privileges like no taxes and collected taxes
  • they were separated by differences in wealth and importance (NO UNIFICATION)
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16
Q

Nobility of the Robe

A

by office holding, they attained their nobility status and even commoners could get this status

17
Q

Segur Law

A

attempted to limit the sale of military officership to fourth generation nobles

18
Q

Nobility of the Sword

A

they wanted to expand their privileges at the expense of the monarchy and to gain monopolies in the military, church and government

19
Q

The Third Estate

A
  • commoners
  • the peasants made up a majority of this estate and although there is no more feudalism, they still had obligations to their landowners WHICH THEY DID NOT LIKE!
  • wage earners also made up the third estate
20
Q

The Third Estate: Wage Earners

A
  • consumer prices rose faster than wages and caused them to have a decline in purchasing power
  • for they were mad at this, this was an important role in the Revolution
  • the example was that when bread prices rose, people rioted, including the unemployed
21
Q

Bourgeoisie/ Middle Class

A
  • they got security and status by purchasing land
  • because nobles monopolized some privileges, the bourgeoisie were excluded from them and did not like the noble’s arrogance and this was a cause to the French Revolution
  • there was a difference between wealthy financiers and local lawyers (NO UNIFICATION)
  • favored laissez-faire policy (adam smith)
22
Q

Similarities between Bourgeoisie and Nobility

A
  • the wealthy bourgeoisie could enter the nobility through the nobility of the robe and getting public offices
  • the aristocrats were engaging in capitalist activities on their estates and caused the members of the bourgeoisie and nobility in economic function to become one class
  • they both like the enlightenment
  • both of them were frustrated with the old order and caused them to take action against the king based government
23
Q

Getting mad at the French Monarchy: Economy

A
  • although there was an economic boots there were economic crisis still happening
  • the number of poor was reaching crisis proportions
24
Q

Getting mad at the French Monarchy: Ideas of the Philosophes

A
  • people criticized the privileges and social and political institutions
  • the philosophes ideas were going around the literate bourgeois and nobles
  • during economic crisis, the government had no money and had to borrow and now were in debt
25
Q

Getting mad at the French Monarchy: the royals

A

louis XV and XVI (marie antoinette) were both bad rulers

26
Q

Getting mad the French Monarchy: Financial Crisis

A
  • they were in massive debt because of fighting in the 7 years war and the revolutionary war in the colonies and louis XIV”s profligate spending
  • charles de calonne, controller general of finance, wanted to revise the revenue system of the state and called for an assembly of notables which was a failure because they didn’t cooperate
  • they were then forced to call for the estate general which showed the government was admitting the consent of the nation was required to raise taxes
27
Q

Causes of the french revolution: political

A
  • absolute monarchy/ ruling by divine right
  • ministers were selected on the basis of noble birth and favoritism
  • corrupt and inefficient royal government
  • censorship of speech and press
  • lettres de cachet
  • imprisonment indefinitely, without barge, bail, or trail
  • no voice of people in government
28
Q

taille

A

land tax

29
Q

corvee

A

forced labor on roads and bridges

30
Q

gabelle

A

tax on salt purchases

31
Q

Causes of the french revolution: economic

A
  • the third estate had pay: taxes to the government, to the church (tithe), to the lords (feudal dues)
  • the bourgeoisie had to pay provincial tariffs, guide restrictions, government mercantilist regulations
32
Q

Causes of the french revolution: American and English revolution

A

ben franklin and thomas jefferson were representatives to paris and inspired the french

33
Q

More immediate causes of the french revolution

A
  • louis XVI brought france into bankruptcy
  • they aided the american revolution
  • versailles
  • didn’t tax the privileged (first and second estate)
  • ignorance financial minister turgot and necker
34
Q

Chaiers

A

list of grievances

35
Q

Getting mad at the French Monarchy: Failure to Make Reforms

A
  • the parlements had the option of registering royal decrees or not
  • the parelements fought against the monarchy and got power, but they didn’t use this power to make reforms

APE Unit 4 (7 decks)

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