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biol 225 > 43 > Flashcards

43 Flashcards

1
Q

pathogen

A

agent that cause disease infect a wide range of animals

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2
Q

innate immunity

A

all animals
rapid

barrier defence:

  • skin
  • mucus
  • secretions

internal defence:

  • pathogenic cells
  • natural killer cells
  • antimicrobial proteins
  • inflammatory response
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3
Q

Adaptive immunity

A

vertebrates
slower

Humoral responce:
-antibodies in body fluid

Cell-mediated responce:
-cytotoxic defend

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4
Q

innate immunity of invertebrate

A
  • exoskeleton of insects
  • lysozyme in digestive system
  • phagocyte in hemocyte
  • antimicrobial peptides secreted by hemocyte disrupting plasma membrane
  • recognize by structure in their cells
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5
Q

innate immune of vertebrate

A 
barrier defence
phagocytosis
natural killer cells
antimicrobial peptides
interferons
inflammatory response
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6
Q

Barrier defence

A

skin
mucus
body fluids
low PH of skin and digestive system

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7
Q

phagocytic cells

A

cellular innate defence
recognize pathogens by TLRs ( troll-like receptors)

  • neutrophils: engulf and destroy pathogens
  • macrophages; everywhere
  • Dendritic cells: stimulate development of adaptive immunity
  • Eosinophils : enzymes, beneath mucosal surface,
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8
Q

natural killer cells

A

detect abnormal cell
viral and cancerous cells

release perforin

exporuse to Calcium

turn from spherical to cylindrical

stick together

fuse with plasma membrane

create pores

target bursts

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9
Q

Dendritic cells

A

go from interstitial fluid to lymph after encountering pathogens

stimulus adaptive imuune

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10
Q

antimicrobial peptides

protein

A

impend their reproductive system

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11
Q

complement system

A

30 protein, membrane attack that form spores in bacterial cells

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12
Q

interferon

A

interferon interfering with virus and help macrophages –> makes other cells immune

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13
Q

inflammatory responses

A

mast cell release histamine

macrophage release cytokines

dilate blood vessel

attract neutrophils

neutrophils digest pathogens and tissue heal

systemic triggered by pyrogens released by macrophages and by toxins from pathogens

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14
Q

Septic shock

A

a life-threatening condition caused by an overwhelming inflammatory response

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15
Q

Adaptive response

A

Lymphocyte

T cell : thymus
B cell : bone marrow

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16
Q

Antigen

A

substances that can elicit a response from B & T cell

each B & T cell is specific for particular epitope of antigen

17
Q

B cells

A

Y- shaped receptors
2 identical heavy chains and 2 identical light chains
variable regions provide the specificity

18
Q

B cells recognition

A

Binding of a B cell antigen receptor to an antigen

secretion of soluble protein –>antibody/ommunoglobulin which lack the anchor receptor in plasma membrane

19
Q

T cells

A

receptor consist of 2 different polypeptide chains ( ALPHA & BETA )

20
Q

T cells recognition

A

antigen transportation:
antigen fragment bind to MHC molecule
transported to cell sruface
Tcell combine with it

21
Q

characteristic of adaptive immune system

A
  • diversity of lymphocyte and receptor
  • self-tolerance : lack of reactivity against own cell
  • B&T cell proliferate after activation
  • immunological memory
22
Q

Clonal selection

A

antigen bind to receptor

cell proliferate into a colony

some daughter cell develop into memory cell

others into effector cell called plasma cells that secrete specific antibody

23
Q

Helper T cell

A

trigger both Humoral and cell-mediated immune response

24
Q

Antigen-presenting cells

A

class I & II MHC molecules

class II MHC: based upon which antigen-presenting cells recognized

25
Q

Cytotoxic T cells

A

Response to Infected Cells
effector cells
recognize fragments of foreign proteins produced by infected cells
have an accessory pr that binds to class I MHC
secrete perforin that destroys cell emmebrane

26
Q

B Cells and Antibodies

A

A Response to Extracellular Pathogens
Activation :B cells and helper T cells and proteins on surface of pathogens
In response to cytokines from helper T cells and an antigen, a B cell proliferates and differentiates into memory B cells and plasma cells

27
Q

Antibody Function

A

mark pathogens for destruction

biol 225 (5 decks)

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