41 Flashcards
essential nutrients
essential amino acid
essential fatty acid
vitamin
mineral
mike kaspari
map distribution of essential nutrients in ecosystem in an attempt to predict changes in species composition
2 essential fatty acids
Omega3
omega6
polyunsaturated fatty acids
vitamins
organic molecules required in diet in small amounts
B6
coenzime in aminoacid metabolism
def: irritability , convulsions, muscular twitching , anemia
B12
production of nucleic acid and RBC
def; anemia, numbness, loss of balance
A
visual pigments, epithelial tissue
def: blindness , skin disorders, impaired immunity
D
aid in absorption and use of Ca and P
def: rickets in children, cone softening in adults
E
antioxidant , prevent damage to cell
def: nervous system degeneration
K
imp in blood clotting
def: defective blood clotting
Minerals
simple inorganic nutrients, usually required in small amounts
Ca
bone and tooth formation, blood clotting, nerve and muscle function
def: impaired growth, loss of bone mass
P
bone and tooth formation, acid-base balance, nucleotide synthesis
def: weakness, loss of minerals from bone, calcium loss
K
acid-base balance, gastric juice formation, nerve function, osmotic balance
def:muscular weakness, paralysis, nausea, heart failure
Cl
acid-base balance, gastric juice, nerve function, osmotic balance
def: muscle cramps, reduced appetite
Na
acid-base balance, water balance, nerve function
def; muscle cramps, reduced appetite
F
hemoglobin and electron carrier, enzyme cofactor
def: anemia, weakness, impaired immunity
gastro vascular cavity
simple body plan
digestion and distribution
earth worm
mouth pharynx esophagus crop gastric juice rectum anus
Grasshopper
mouth esophagus crop gastric cecae rectum anus
bird
mouth esophagus crop stomach gizzard intestine anus
peristalsis
pushes food by rhythmic contraction and relaxation of muscle
Sphincter
valves regulation movement between compartments
salivary gland
saliva + mucus + amylase
mucus
viscous mixture of water+salt+cells+glycoprotein
oral cavity
saliva mucus amylase antimicrobial agent tongue pharynx esophagus
Gastric gland cells
mucus cell
parietal cell
chief cell
parietal cell
H+, Cl-
chief cell
pepsinogen—- + HCl —-> pepsin
Pr –> smaller peptide
small intestine
longest section
digestion and absorption
bile , pancreas juice, Small intestine enzyms
duodenum –> digestion
jejunum & ileum –> absorption
villi and microvilli
Pancrease juice
protease ( trypsin & chymotrypsin ) –> activated in Duodenum lumen
HCO3-
Bile
absorption of fats
hepatic portal vein
nutrient rich blood first to liver(regulate nutrient distribution) then to heart
tryglycerides
lipase–>fatty acid and monoglycerid
diffuse into epithelial cell
reform
incorporated into water soluble chylomicrons
exocytosis into lacteals
lymph
chylomicrons
fat coated with phospholipids + cholesterol + Protein
lacteals
deliver chylomicrons-containing lymph into large veins
