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biol 225 > 42 > Flashcards

42 Flashcards

1
Q

single circulation

A

bony fish
ray fish
shark

2 chambered heart
deoxygenated blood in heart
BP drop as it goes through gills

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2
Q

amphibian

A 
O2 poor blood
pulmocutaneous circuit
3chambered heart
a ridge in ventricle
forked artery  split blood to systematic and pulmocutaneous
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3
Q

reptile

A

pulmonary circuit
3 chambered heart
incomplete septum

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4
Q

atriovanticular valve

A

separate atrium and ventricle

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5
Q

semilunar valve

A

blood flow in artert and vein

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6
Q

systole

A

contraction phase

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7
Q

diastole

A

relaxation or filing phase

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8
Q

stroke volume

A

amount of blood pumped per contraction

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9
Q

cardiac cycle

A

1- Atrial & ventricular diastole (0.4) ; relaxation phase blood flows to atria and ventricle through AV

2-A systole V diastole (0.1) : atria contrats

3-V systole A diastole ( 0.3) : vertical pump blood into arteries through semilunar valve

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10
Q

sinoatrial node

A

impulse travel through atrioventricular node

delayed impulse because of parkinje fiber to make vertical contraction

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11
Q

Cardiac output

A

volume of blood pumped into systemic circulation per minute

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12
Q

capilarries

A

endothelium

basal lamina

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13
Q

arteries and veins

A

endothelium
smooth muscle
connective tissue

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14
Q

systolic pressure

A

in artery
ventricular systole
highest pressure
the spike–> artery resistance

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15
Q

diastolic pressure

A

in artery
diastole
arteries fill faster than they can empty

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16
Q

driving force of blood out of capillary

A

difference between blood pressure and osmotic pressure

17
Q

edema

A

swelling caused by disruption in the flow od lymph

18
Q

plasma

A

water
ions ( NA, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, HCO3) : osmotic balance, PH buffering , regulating of membrane permeability

plasma protein (albumin, fibrinogen, immunoglobulin) : Osmotic balance ,pH buffering, clotting , defence

nutrients

waste

gas

hormone

19
Q

Albumin

A

osmatic balance

PH buffering

20
Q

fibrinogen

A

clotting

21
Q

erythrocyte

A

hemoglobin
each molecule of hb bind to 4 O2
in mammal lack nuclei and mitochondria
each 250 M molecules of hemoglobin

22
Q

clotting

A

prothrombin —(plalete+damaged cell+plasma ( Ca, Vit K))—> thrombin —>Fibrinogen –>Fibrin

23
Q

Blood flow in veins

A

smooth muscle contraction, skeletal muscle contraction, and expansion of vena cava with inhalation

24
Q

erythropoietin

A

hormone

stimulates erythrocyte production when O2 delivery low

25
Q

rate of diffusion

A
  • proportional to surface area of respiratory membrane

- inversely proportional to the square of the distance through which molecule diffuses

26
Q

gills

A

outfolding of body
suspended in water

counter current exchange system ( blood flow opposite direction of water flow ) why ectotherm
like lamilla

27
Q

ventilation

A

process of moving the respiratory medium over the respiratory surface
partial pressure
exchange of gas

28
Q

Trachea

A

network of tiny branching tubules ( trachea) that penetrate body

respiratory and circulatory are separate

29
Q

lungs

A 
nostrils
pharynx
larynx ( vocal cord)
trachea
bronchi
bronchioles
alveoli

alveoli lack cilia

30
Q

pressure of O2

A

alveoli 104 mmHG

pulmonary artery 40 mmHG

31
Q

frog

A

push air into lungs

positive pressure

32
Q

bird lung

A

first inhalation : posterior sacs
first exhalation : air into lung
second inhalation : air from lung to anterior airsac
second exhalation; out of body

33
Q

tidal volume

A

500ml

air inhaled in each breath

34
Q

vital capacity

A

4.7 L

max tidal volume

35
Q

residual volume

A

1.2 L

after exhalation

36
Q

medulla

A

regulate rate and depth of breath
in response to PH in cerebrospinal

match metabolic demand

37
Q

respiratory pigment

A

pr that transport O2

most vertebrate and invertebrate: hemoglobin

arthropod and mollusc : hemocyanin with copper bind to O2

38
Q

Co2 transport

A

7% with plasma
23% aminoacid end of hb
70%blood plasna as HCO3

biol 225 (5 decks)

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