42 Flashcards
single circulation
bony fish
ray fish
shark
2 chambered heart
deoxygenated blood in heart
BP drop as it goes through gills
amphibian
O2 poor blood pulmocutaneous circuit 3chambered heart a ridge in ventricle forked artery split blood to systematic and pulmocutaneous
reptile
pulmonary circuit
3 chambered heart
incomplete septum
atriovanticular valve
separate atrium and ventricle
semilunar valve
blood flow in artert and vein
systole
contraction phase
diastole
relaxation or filing phase
stroke volume
amount of blood pumped per contraction
cardiac cycle
1- Atrial & ventricular diastole (0.4) ; relaxation phase blood flows to atria and ventricle through AV
2-A systole V diastole (0.1) : atria contrats
3-V systole A diastole ( 0.3) : vertical pump blood into arteries through semilunar valve
sinoatrial node
impulse travel through atrioventricular node
delayed impulse because of parkinje fiber to make vertical contraction
Cardiac output
volume of blood pumped into systemic circulation per minute
capilarries
endothelium
basal lamina
arteries and veins
endothelium
smooth muscle
connective tissue
systolic pressure
in artery
ventricular systole
highest pressure
the spike–> artery resistance
diastolic pressure
in artery
diastole
arteries fill faster than they can empty
driving force of blood out of capillary
difference between blood pressure and osmotic pressure
edema
swelling caused by disruption in the flow od lymph
plasma
water
ions ( NA, K, Ca, Mg, Cl, HCO3) : osmotic balance, PH buffering , regulating of membrane permeability
plasma protein (albumin, fibrinogen, immunoglobulin) : Osmotic balance ,pH buffering, clotting , defence
nutrients
waste
gas
hormone
Albumin
osmatic balance
PH buffering
fibrinogen
clotting
erythrocyte
hemoglobin
each molecule of hb bind to 4 O2
in mammal lack nuclei and mitochondria
each 250 M molecules of hemoglobin
clotting
prothrombin —(plalete+damaged cell+plasma ( Ca, Vit K))—> thrombin —>Fibrinogen –>Fibrin
Blood flow in veins
smooth muscle contraction, skeletal muscle contraction, and expansion of vena cava with inhalation
erythropoietin
hormone
stimulates erythrocyte production when O2 delivery low
rate of diffusion
- proportional to surface area of respiratory membrane
- inversely proportional to the square of the distance through which molecule diffuses
gills
outfolding of body
suspended in water
counter current exchange system ( blood flow opposite direction of water flow ) why ectotherm
like lamilla
ventilation
process of moving the respiratory medium over the respiratory surface
partial pressure
exchange of gas
Trachea
network of tiny branching tubules ( trachea) that penetrate body
respiratory and circulatory are separate
lungs
nostrils pharynx larynx ( vocal cord) trachea bronchi bronchioles alveoli
alveoli lack cilia
pressure of O2
alveoli 104 mmHG
pulmonary artery 40 mmHG
frog
push air into lungs
positive pressure
bird lung
first inhalation : posterior sacs
first exhalation : air into lung
second inhalation : air from lung to anterior airsac
second exhalation; out of body
tidal volume
500ml
air inhaled in each breath
vital capacity
4.7 L
max tidal volume
residual volume
1.2 L
after exhalation
medulla
regulate rate and depth of breath
in response to PH in cerebrospinal
match metabolic demand
respiratory pigment
pr that transport O2
most vertebrate and invertebrate: hemoglobin
arthropod and mollusc : hemocyanin with copper bind to O2
Co2 transport
7% with plasma
23% aminoacid end of hb
70%blood plasna as HCO3
