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4 Genetics, Variation & Interdependance > 4.2.3 Transcription > Flashcards

4.2.3 Transcription Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A gene is

A

a sequence of nucleotide bases in a DNA molecule that codes for the production of a specific sequence of amino acids, that in turn make up a specific polypeptide (protein)

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2
Q

This process of protein synthesis occurs in two stages

A
  • transcription
  • translation
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3
Q

During transcription

A

DNA is transcribed and an mRNA molecule is produced

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4
Q

During translation

A

mRNA (messenger RNA) is translated and an amino acid sequence is produced

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5
Q

Transcription: this stage of protein synthesis occurs in

A

the nucleus

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6
Q

Part of a DNA molecule

A

unwinds (the hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs break)

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7
Q

Part of a DNA molecule unwinds, catalysed by

A

helicase, like in DNA replication

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8
Q

Part of a DNA molecule unwinds, catalysed by helicase, this exposes

A

the gene to be transcribed (the gene from which a particular polypeptide will be produced)

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9
Q

A complementary copy of the code from the gene is made by

A

building a single-stranded nucleic acid molecule known as mRNA (messenger RNA)

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10
Q

Free

A

activated RNA nucleotides

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11
Q

Free activated RNA nucleotides pair up (via hydrogen bonds) with

A

their complementary (now exposed) bases

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12
Q

Free activated RNA nucleotides pair up (via hydrogen bonds) with their complementary (now exposed) bases on one strand

A

the template strand

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13
Q

Free activated RNA nucleotides pair up (via hydrogen bonds) with their complementary (now exposed) bases on one strand (the template strand) of

A

the ‘unzipped’ DNA molecule

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14
Q

The sugar-phosphate groups of these RNA nucleotides are then

A

bonded together

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15
Q

The sugar-phosphate groups of these RNA nucleotides are then bonded together by the enzyme

A

RNA polymerase

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16
Q

The sugar-phosphate groups of these RNA nucleotides are then bonded together by the enzyme RNA polymerase to form

A

the sugar-phosphate backbone of the mRNA molecule

17
Q

When the gene has been transcribed (when the mRNA molecule is complete), the hydrogen bonds between the mRNA and DNA strands

A

break and the double-stranded DNA molecule re-forms

18
Q

The mRNA molecule then leaves the nucleus via

A

a pore in the nuclear envelope

19
Q

The transcription stage of protein synthesis – DNA is transcribed and an mRNA molecule is produced

A
20
Q

In the transcription stage of protein synthesis, the section of the DNA molecule where the gene is located (the gene coding for a particular polypeptide)

A

unwinds – the hydrogen bonds between the complementary base pairs break, causing the two DNA strands to ‘unzip’

21
Q

Free activated RNA nucleotides then

A

pair up with the exposed bases on the DNA molecule

22
Q

Free activated RNA nucleotides then pair up with the exposed bases on the DNA molecule but only with

A

those bases on one strand of the DNA molecule

23
Q

Free activated RNA nucleotides then pair up with the exposed bases on the DNA molecule but only with those bases on one strand of the DNA molecule, this strand of the DNA molecule is called

A

the template strand or the transcribed strand

24
Q

This is the strand that is

A

transcribed to form the mRNA molecule (RNA polymerase binds the RNA nucleotides together to create the sugar-phosphate backbone of the mRNA molecule)

25
Q

This is the strand that is transcribed to form the mRNA molecule, this mRNA molecule will then be

A

translated into an amino acid chain

26
Q

The strand of the DNA molecule that is not transcribed is called

A

the non-template strand or the non-transcribed strand

27
Q

The template strand of the DNA molecule is the one that is transcribed

A
28
Q

DNA polymerase is the enzyme involved in

A

DNA replication

29
Q

RNA polymerase is the enzyme involved in

A

transcription

30
Q

The mRNA codons have the same base sequence as the non-transcribed strand, and the tRNA anticodons have the same base sequence as the transcribed strand except

A

RNA, which has the base Uracil, replacing Thymine

4 Genetics, Variation & Interdependance (13 decks)

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