4.2.2 The Structure of RNA

Question 1

Like DNA, the nucleic acid RNA (ribonucleic acid) is a

Answer 1

polynucleotide

Question 2

Like DNA, the nucleic acid RNA (ribonucleic acid) is a polynucleotide, it is made up of

Answer 2

many nucleotides linked together in a long chain

Question 3

Like DNA, RNA nucleotides contain the nitrogenous bases

Answer 3

adenine (A), guanine (G) and cytosine (C)

Question 4

Unlike DNA, RNA nucleotides never contain the nitrogenous base

Answer 4

thymine (T)

Question 5

Unlike DNA, RNA nucleotides never contain the nitrogenous base thymine (T), in place of this they contain the nitrogenous base

Answer 5

uracil (U)

Question 6

Unlike DNA, RNA nucleotides contain the pentose sugar

Answer 6

ribose (instead of deoxyribose)

Question 7

RNA nucleotide

Answer 7

Question 8

DNA nucleotide

Answer 8

Question 9

Unlike DNA, RNA molecules are only made up of one

Answer 9

polynucleotide strand (they are single-stranded)

Question 10

Each RNA polynucleotide strand is made up of

Answer 10

alternating ribose sugars and phosphate groups linked together

Question 11

Each RNA polynucleotide strand is made up of alternating ribose sugars and phosphate groups linked together, with the nitrogenous bases of each nucleotide

Answer 11

projecting out sideways from the single-stranded RNA molecule

Question 12

The sugar-phosphate bonds (between different nucleotides in the same strand) are covalent bonds known as

Answer 12

phosphodiester bonds

Question 13

These bonds form what is known as

Answer 13

the sugar-phosphate backbone of the RNA polynucleotide strand

Question 14

The phosphodiester bonds link the

Answer 14

5-carbon of one ribose sugar molecule

Question 15

The phosphodiester bonds link the 5-carbon of one ribose sugar molecule to

Answer 15

the phosphate group from the same nucleotide

Question 16

The phosphodiester bonds link the 5-carbon of one ribose sugar molecule to the phosphate group from the same nucleotide, which is itself linked by

Answer 16

another phosphodiester bond

Question 17

The phosphodiester bonds link the 5-carbon of one ribose sugar molecule to the phosphate group from the same nucleotide, which is itself linked by another phosphodiester bond to

Answer 17

the 3-carbon of the ribose sugar molecule

Question 18

The phosphodiester bonds link the 5-carbon of one ribose sugar molecule to the phosphate group from the same nucleotide, which is itself linked by another phosphodiester bond to the 3-carbon of the ribose sugar molecule of

Answer 18

the next nucleotide in the strand

Question 19

An example of an RNA molecule is

Answer 19

An example of an RNA molecule is

Question 20

An example of an RNA molecule is messenger RNA (mRNA), which is

Answer 20

the transcript copy of a gene

Question 21

An example of an RNA molecule is messenger RNA (mRNA), which is the transcript copy of a gene that

Answer 21

encodes a specific polypeptide.

Question 22

An example of an RNA molecule is messenger RNA (mRNA), which is the transcript copy of a gene that encodes a specific polypeptide, two other examples are

Answer 22

transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA)

Question 23

mRNA is a single-stranded

Answer 23

molecule

Question 24

mRNA is made up of

Answer 24

a sugar-phosphate backbone and exposed unpaired bases

Question 25

For mRNA molecules uracil bases are present instead of

Answer 25

thymine bases (which are found in DNA)

Question 26

Structure of an mRNA molecule

Answer 26

Question 27

tRNA is a single-stranded

Answer 27

molecule

Question 28

tRNA has a what backbone

Answer 28

sugar-phosphate

Question 29

tRNA has a what shape

Answer 29

folded

Question 30

In tRNA there are what bonds between some of the complementary bases

Answer 30

hydrogen

Question 31

In tRNA there are hydrogen bonds between some of

Answer 31

the complementary bases

Question 32

in tRNA what bind to a specific region of the molecule

Answer 32

amino acids

Question 33

The specific what found on the tRNA molecule is complementary to a specific what on an mRNA molecule

Answer 33

• anticodon
• codon

Question 34

The specific anticodon found on

Answer 34

the tRNA molecule

Question 35

The specific anticodon found on the tRNA molecule is complementary to a specific

Answer 35

codon

Question 36

The specific anticodon found on the tRNA molecule is complementary to a specific codon on

Answer 36

an mRNA molecule

Question 37

Structure of a tRNA molecule

Answer 37