4.1.4 Genes

Question 1

A gene is

Answer 1

a base sequence of DNA

Question 2

A gene is a base sequence of DNA that codes for

Answer 2

amino acid sequence of a polypeptide or a functional RNA molecule

Question 3

Functional RNA molecules are required for

Answer 3

protein synthesis

Question 4

mRNA

Answer 4

the base sequences on messenger RNA molecules are used by ribosomes to form polypeptide chains

Question 5

tRNA

Answer 5

carry amino acids to the ribosome

Question 6

rRNA

Answer 6

form part of the structure of ribosomes

Question 7

The shape and behaviour of a protein molecule depends on

Answer 7

the exact sequence of these amino acids

Question 8

The initial sequence of amino acids is known as

Answer 8

the primary structure of the protein molecule

Question 9

The genes in DNA molecules, therefore, control

Answer 9

protein structure (and as a result, protein function)

Question 10

The genes in DNA molecules, therefore, control protein structure (and as a result, protein function) as they determine

Answer 10

the exact sequence in which the amino acids join together when proteins are synthesised in a cell

Question 11

A gene is a sequence of nucleotides that codes for the production of a specific protein molecule (polypeptide)

Answer 11

Question 12

One gene codes for one

Answer 12

mRNA molecule

Question 13

One gene codes for one mRNA molecule, which codes for one

Answer 13

polypeptide

Question 14

One gene codes for one mRNA molecule, which codes for one polypeptide., this is known as

Answer 14

the central dogma of molecular biology

Question 15

each chromosome in a human cell nucleus contains one

Answer 15

very long DNA molecule

Question 16

Each chromosome in a human cell nucleus contains one very long DNA molecule, this DNA molecule is made up of thousands of

Answer 16

specific nucleotide sequences

Question 17

This DNA molecule is made up of thousands of specific nucleotide sequences called

Answer 17

genes

Question 18

This DNA molecule is made up of thousands of specific nucleotide sequences called genes that code for

Answer 18

specific proteins

Question 19

Even though these genes are all found within the same DNA molecule and are therefore all linked up, the cell knows where individual genes

Answer 19

start and stop

Question 20

This ensures the cell reads the DNA correctly and can produce the correct

Answer 20

protein molecules that it requires to function properly