4.2.1 Alcohols

Question 1

functional group

Answer 1

atom or group of atoms that give molecules their characteristic reactions

Question 2

what functional group do alcohols have

Answer 2

-OH

Question 3

what is the bond angle and shape on the oxygen atom

Answer 3

non-linear

104.5

Question 4

what are phenols

Answer 4

aromatic alcohols

have an alcohol group directly attached to the benzene ring

Question 5

volatile

Answer 5

how easily a substance turns from liquid to gas

Question 6

why do alcohols have higher boiling points than alkanes

Answer 6

alcohols contain OH groups which can hydrogen bond and contain IDD forces. However alkanes only have IDD forces which are weaker than hydrogen bonds so therefore require less energy to overcome

Question 7

why is there and increase in the boiling point of the alcohols as chain length increases

Answer 7

as chain length increases there are more electrons and so the molecules are bigger, meaning IDD forces are greater and so require more energy to overcome

Question 8

what is the trend in solubility and chain length

Answer 8

solubility decreases as the length of the hydrocarbon chain increases

Question 9

primary alcohols

Answer 9

OH group attached to C atom with at least 2 H atoms and one R group

Question 10

secondary alcohols

Answer 10

OH group attached to C atom with at least 1 H atom and 2 R groups

Question 11

tertiary alcohols

Answer 11

OH group attached to C atom with no H atoms and 3 R groups