42 Paediatric haematology Flashcards
How are RBCs in a child different to those in an adult? (3).
Greater oxygen affinity (foetus).
Higher haematocrit.
Larger RBCs.
Between 4 and 14 weeks which types of haemoglobin does the foetus have? (3)
Hb Gower-1
Hb Portland.
Hb Gower-2.
What is the structure of Hb Gower-1?
ζ2e2. (zeta)
What is the structure of Hb Portland?
ζ2γ2.
What is the structure of Hb Gower-2?
α2e2.
Which type of immunoglobulin crosses the placenta?
IgG.
When does a child start producing antibodies?
When does a satisfactory immune response occur?
2-3 months.
6 months.
How do platelets at birth differ to those of an adult?
Hyporesponsive to some agonists.
Hyperesponsive to vWF.
Which haemostatatic factors are normal at birth?
When do they all reach normal values?
Fibrinogen, FV, FVIII, FXIII.
6 months.
What level of via K does a foetus have compared to mother?
10%.
What are the congenital causes of anaemia in childhood? (3).
Haemoglobinopathy.
Peripheral destruction.
Blood loss.
What are the causes of peripheral destruction of blood in a child? (4).
Foetal: Rh/ABO incompatibility.
Hereditary spherocytosis.
Defect: G6PD deficiency, PK deficiency.
Infection.
Name two causes of foetal blood loss:
Twin to twin transfusion syndrome.
Fetomaternal haemorrhage.
What are the acquired causes of anaemia in childhood? (3).
Nutritional deficiency: IRON, B12, folate.
Bone marrow failure.
Bone marrow infiltration.
What are the causes of platelet problems in a neonate? (4).
Mothers drugs.
Gestational thrombocytopenia.
ITP.
Neonatal immune thrombocytopenia.
