42. non infectious cns diseases, degenerative cns diseases

Question 1

what are the non infectious cns diseases

Answer 1

granulomatosous meningoencephalomyelitis
necrotizing encephalitis
steroid responsive meningitis arteritis - SRMA
polyradiculoneuritis

Question 2

granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis etiology

Answer 2

possibly autoimmune
lesions mainly in white matter 
3 forms:
focal - multifocal - ocular 
extremely rare in cat

Question 3

granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis clinical signs and diagnosis

Answer 3

seizure, cerebellovestibular dysfunction, cervical hyperesthesia
post mortem histology
ante mortem: presumptive diagnosis
CSF: mononuclear pleocytosis, increased protein
CT/MRI: lesions

Question 4

granulomatous meningoencephalomyelitis therapy, prognosis

Answer 4

life long immunosuppression:
prednisolone, cyclosporine, procarbazine
prognosis: poor, can’t really fix it

Question 5

necrotizing encephalitis - forms

Answer 5

necrotizing meningoencephalitis - pug encephalitis

necrotizing leukoencephalitis - yorkie encephalitis

Question 6

necrotizing encephalitis - clinica signs

Answer 6

multiple cavitary necrotizing inflammatory lesions
sign depends on site
often forebrain involvement: seizure, circling, visual deficit with intact PLR, head pressing

Question 7

necrotizing encephalitis diagnosis, therapy, prognosis

Answer 7

CSF: mononuclear pleocytosis, increased protein

treatment: glucocorticoids
prognosis: grave

Question 8

steroid responsive meningitis arteritis symptoms

Answer 8

cervical rigidity, hyperesthesia, anorexia, fever

rarely neurologic signs (bleeding into subarachnoid space)

Question 9

SRMA diagnosis, therapy, prognosis

Answer 9

CSF: neutrophil pleocytosis , elevated IgA, interleukin
long term GCC, sometimes azathriopine
relapse is frequent
prognosis good

Question 10

polyraduculoneuritis etiology

Answer 10

immune mediated inflammation of nerve radicles and peripheral nerves
coon hound - raccoon
raccoon saliva, other antigens (virus, bac) can also trigger inflammation

Question 11

polyraduculoneuritis clinical signs

Answer 11

LMN paresis, start at HL, progress to FL in 1-4 days

hyperaesthesia, altered barking sound

Question 12

polyradiculonephritis therapy, prognosis

Answer 12

supportive therapy, physiotherapy
self resolution after 3-6 weeks
if resp muscles involved - death can occur

Question 13

degenerative cns disorders - storage disease

Answer 13

storage diseases
abiotrophy: lack of vital substance for life
dystrophy: external cause, nutritional, metabolic, endogenous
storage diseases: error of metabolism

Question 14

degenerative disorders

Answer 14

• Intervertebral disc disease
• Degenerative myelopathy
• Degenerative lumbosacral stenosis
• Osteoarthritis
• Extradural synovial cyst
• Spondylosis deformans
• Spinal stenosis