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HaDPop > 4.2 History, Hygiene & Hospital infection > Flashcards

4.2 History, Hygiene & Hospital infection Flashcards

1
Q

Transmission types -
examples of direct transmission :

A
  • mucous to mucous membrane
  • across placenta
  • transplants, blood
  • skin to skin
  • sneezes / coughs
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2
Q

Transmission types:
examples of indirect transmission

A
  • waterborne
  • airborne
  • foodborne
  • vectorborne
  • objects/fomites
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3
Q

What does HCAI stand for ?

A

Healthcare-associated infection

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4
Q

HCAI:
1. within health or social care setting direct result of ?
2.In community direct result of ?
3. contracted in …. and brought into …

A
  1. treatment in, or contact with
  2. healthcare delivery
  3. community , healthcare setting
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5
Q

What is the most common HAIs (hospital acquired infections) ?

A
  • respiratory tract
  • urinary tract
  • surgical site infections (SSIs)
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6
Q

Effective IPC programmes combine both aspects ..1… / …2… aspects of infections and the …..3…. structures and procedures necessary for ..4…

A
  1. microbiological
  2. epidemiological
  3. organisational and management
  4. implementation
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7
Q

Who should IPC programmes be:
1. managed by ?
2. co-ordinated by ?
3. role of who co-ordinates these programmes?

A
  1. specialist IPC team
  2. an IPC committee
  3. reports to an executive board of which the DIPC is a member
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8
Q

2 ways in which you can prevent the transmission of infectious agents in healthcare settings ?

A
  1. source isolation
  2. protective isolation
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9
Q

Source isolation :
1. patients with … should be accomodated in
2. either …. on a general ward
3. or an isolation unit with what features ?

A
  1. infectious disease
  2. a single room
  3. negativ pressure ventilation, anterooms & en-suite facilities
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9
Q

Protective isolation:
1. patient who should be accomodated here ?
2. protective isolation room with …. pressure ?
3. example of room what kind ?

A
  1. with increased vulnerability to infection
  2. positive
  3. general side room with door kept closed
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10
Q

what are negative pressure rooms ?

A

specialized environments designed to contain and prevent the spread of contaminants, such as infectious agents, by maintaining a lower air pressure inside the room compared to the outside

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11
Q

what are positive pressure rooms ?

A

specially designed environments in which the air pressure inside the room is higher than the air pressure outside of it

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12
Q

what are positive pressure rooms ?

A
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13
Q

Why is risk assessment of patients identified with infectious diseases important?

A
  • Enables staff to prioritise use of isolation facilities
  • Minimises inconsistent decisions
  • Carried out by clinical team & Infection Prevention & Control (IPC) team.
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14
Q

Criteria for source isolation

A

1) Known or suspected communicable disease
2) Unexplained rash if considered to be infectious cause
3) Multi-resistant organisms e.g., MRSA
4) Multi-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (MRAB)
5) Clostridium difficile
6) Symptomatic of influenza
7) Diarrhoea and/or vomiting until microbiologically proven negative or symptoms subside

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15
Q

Measures that can be taken to protect other patients from infectious agents in the hospital setting?

A
  • Hand hygiene
  • IPC policies
  • Education and training
  • Surveillance of infection
  • Precautions e.g., PPE, isolation
  • Environmental hygiene
  • Decontamination
16
Q

What is one method that can be used to limit spread whilst a hospital investigates infection clusters/outbreaks?

A

Control activities

These include…
- Cohorting isolation
- Extensive patient screening
- Restrictions on admissions/discharges

17
Q

What is considered a infection cluster in a hospital?

A

Any two or more persons with a similar illness are clustered in time and space

18
Q

Some examples of control measures in preventing infections in our hospitals

A
  • Stringent hand hygiene
  • PPE
  • Enhanced cleaning (environment, equipment, spillages)
  • Isolation
  • Exclusion
19
Q

How can we protect the general public from infectious agents?

A
  • Hand hygiene
  • Decontamination of soiled materials
  • Proper autoclaving and disposal of medical waste
20
Q

All patients identified with infectious diseases or ‘alert organisms’ will need to be ….. for need of isolation

A

risk assessed

21
Q

What type of information is needed when managing a potential outbreak in a hospital

A

1) Ensure there really is a problem - case definition
2) Lab confirmation sought wherever possible
3) Descriptive epidemiology = time, place, person

HaDPop (13 decks)

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