4.2 Cell Division and Stem Cells Flashcards
Why are we not an identical copy of our mother/father?
because we inherit half chromosomes from our mother and half from our father
What is mitosis?
A type of cell division which ensures that when a cell divides, each new cell produced has the same genetic information
Name three functions of mitosis?
growth of an organism
organisms needs to replace worn out cells
organisms need to repair damaged tissue
How many daughter cells are produced in mitosis?
2
How do the genes in the daughter cells compare to the parent cell? (mitosis)
The genetic information must be identical to the mother cell, and the number of chromosomes.
If the parent cell had 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes would each of the daughter cells have? (mitosis)
46
What happens in sexual reproduction?
The nucleus of a male gamete fuses with the nucleus of a female gamete, producing a new cell called a zygote
Name the gametes in plants
pollen and eggs
How many chromosomes are found in human gametes?
23
Explain why gametes have 23 number of chromosomes?
so that when the male gamete can fuse with the female gamete, they have the correct number of chromosomes for that organism
What is meiosis?
A type of cell division that makes gametes
Name the function of meiosis
to make sex cells
How many daughter cells are produced in meiosis?
4
How do the genes in the daughter cells compare to the parent cell? (meiosis)
They are genetically different as they have half the number of chromosomes.
What are the benefits of using your own stem cells?
no rejection
no need to find a donor
no need for tissue typing
What are 3 clinical problems with collecting, storing and using stem cells
- need to be collected before birth for embryonic stem cells
- mutations could occur in stem cells cultured for a number of generations
- cultured stem cells could be contaminated with viruses
Why do some people not agree with the use of embryonic stem cells?
It is the destruction of potential life
lead to ethical objections
State ways doctors can use stem cells to treat patients
repair tissue
replace damaged tissue
can be transplanted into patients to treat medical conditions (bone marrow transplant, Parkinson’s )
State the name of the disease that can occur if cell division by mitosis is uncontrolled
cancer
What general name is given to cells such as embryonic human cells?
stem cells
What features of stem cells could make them useful in treating many different medical conditions?
undifferentiated/not specialised
can differentiate into different kinds of tissues
Where do plants have stem cells?
In the Meristem (tip of the shoot and tip of the root)
Name three lifestyle factors that can increase the risk of cancer
Alcohol intake
Exposure to ionising radiation
smoking
What are carcinogens?
Chemicals and other agents that can cause cancer
