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Lab Exam 4 > 42+43 > Flashcards

42+43 Flashcards

1
Q

what is the gonad of the male reproductive system?

A

testis

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2
Q

what cells and what hormone come from the testis?

A

sperm cells and testosterone

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3
Q

proper sperm production must occur at which temperature?

A

35C/95F; a few degrees cooler than core body temp

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4
Q

what is the condition in which an individual has undescended testicles?

A

cryptochidism

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5
Q

what effect does cryptochidism has on male fertility?

A

causes infertility

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6
Q

name the lining of the scrotal sac that consists of a smooth muscle layer.

A

dartos muscle

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7
Q

which structure of the testis produces sperm cells?

A

seminiferous tubules

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8
Q

which cells initiate sperm cell production?

A

spermatagonia

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9
Q

to where do sperm cells move after leaving the epididymis?

A

vas deferens

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10
Q

where is the cremaster muscle found?

A

spermatic cord

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11
Q

list all the structures involved in producing semen

A

testis, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral glands

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12
Q

How do sperm cells differ from seminal fluid?

A

sperm cells are produced in the testis

seminal fluid: supports/nourishes sperm cells; produced in accessory glands

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13
Q

a vasectomy is the cutting and typing of the 2 ductus deferentes at the level of the spermatic cords. Review the % of sperm cells that compose the total volume and determine the effect a vasectomy has on semen volume.

A

no effect on total volume, just takes out the sperm cells

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14
Q

which one of the seminal fluid glands is not a paired gland?

A

prostate gland

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15
Q

name the 3 sections of the urethra and where they occur?

A

prostatic- prostate
membranous-bodywall
spongy-penis

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16
Q

where is the glans penis located?

A

expanded portion of corpus spongiosum at the distal end of penis

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17
Q

name the cylinder of erectile tissue below the corpora cavernosa

A

corpus spongiosum

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18
Q

which male reproductive gland is missing in the cat but present in the human?

A

seminal vesicles

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19
Q

what is the gonad in the female reproductive system?

A

ovaries

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20
Q

what is the inner layer of the uterus called?

A

endometrium

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21
Q

what happens to estrogen and progesterone levels just prior to menstruation?

A

they decrease

22
Q

the ovaries attach to the uterus by which structure?

A

ovarian ligament

23
Q

which 3 hormones are at elevated levels just prior to ovulation?

A

estrogen
LH
FSH

24
Q

where is the fornix in the female reproductive system?

A

around the cervix

25
Q

which is more anterior, the urethral opening or the clitoris?

A

clitoris

26
Q

what is the background substance of the ovary called?

A

stroma

27
Q

what is the name of the expulsion of the secondary oocyte from the ovary?

A

ovulation

28
Q

what is the layer of the endometrium closest to the myometrium called?

A

basal layer

29
Q

name the part of the breast that is the nearest to the shoulder

A

axillary tail

30
Q

what are the milk-producing glands of the breast called?

A

mammary glands

31
Q

a zygote is formed from the fusion of which two cells?

A

Sperm and secondary oocyte

32
Q

embryonic tissue consists of 3 layers. What are they?

A

endoderm
mesoderm
ectoderm

33
Q

what is a morula?

A

solid cluster of pre-embryonic cells

34
Q

trace the pathway of milk from the mammary glands to expulsion.

A

mammary gland —> lactiferous duct —> ampulla —> nipple

35
Q

T/F: ectopic pregnancies are those that occur outside the endometrial layer of the uterus.

A

True

36
Q

explain how pregnancies may occur in the uterine tube or in the abdominopelvic cavity

A

under the influence of hcG; hcG influences pregnancy to occur elsewhere

37
Q

how does the uterus of the human differ from that of the cat?

A

humans have a simple uterus and the cat has a Y-shaped uterus with 2 horns

38
Q

how does the structure of the uterus in the cat correlate to multiple births from each pregnancy?

A

a cat’s uterus is larger than it’s overall body size which allows for multiple embryos to develop

39
Q

what are 4 factors that can increase BP?

A

exercise
nicotine
caffeine
illness

40
Q

list the branches of the tracheobronchial tree in order from the trachea through the segmental bronchi.

A

trachea —> carina —> main (primary) bronchus—> lobar (secondary) bronchus —> segmental bronchus

41
Q

what is the function of the uvula?

A

prevents food/liquid from moving into the nasal cavity

42
Q

what is the most distal portion of the small intestine?

A

ileum

43
Q

in which part of the nephron does filtration take place?

A

renal corpuscle

44
Q

trace the pathway of urine flow from the renal papilla to the urethra.

A

renal papilla —> minor calyx —> major calyx —> renal pelvis —> ureter —> urinary bladder —> urethra

45
Q

what is the name of the condition in which you have measurable amounts of sugar in your urine?

A

glycosuria

46
Q

what is the name of the condition in which you have measurable amounts of blood in your urine?

A

hematuria

47
Q

spermatogenesis occurs in the______

A

seminiferous tubules

48
Q

secretion of which hormone drops off just prior to menstruation?

A

progesterone/estrogen

49
Q

what is ovulation?

A

when mature eggs are released from the ovaries

50
Q

which muscle plays a role in elevating the testis when outside temperature is low?

A

cremaster muscle

51
Q

what is a zygote?

A

single cell formed by the fertilization of 2 gametes

Lab Exam 4 (8 decks)

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