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Lab Exam 4 > 40+41 > Flashcards

40+41 Flashcards

1
Q

outermost part of the kidney

A

renal capsule

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2
Q

storage organ of the urinary system

A

urinary bladder

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3
Q

takes blood from the kidney

A

renal vein

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4
Q

separates the renal cortex from the medulla

A

arcuate arteries

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5
Q

receives urine from the renal papilla

A

minor calyx

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6
Q

leads directly to the renal pelvis

A

major calyx

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7
Q

located between the kidney and the urinary bladder

A

ureter

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8
Q

terminal part of the nephron

A

distal convoluted tubule

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9
Q

region of the kidney with the most glomeruli

A

cortex

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10
Q

tube that takes urine to the outside of the body

A

urethra

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11
Q

blood is initially filtered in which part of the nephron?

A

renal corpuscle

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12
Q

describe the kidneys position with regard to the parietal peritoneum?

A

posterior to parietal peritoneum or retroperitoneal

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13
Q

what blood vessel takes blood to the kidney?

A

renal artery

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14
Q

what is the triangular region of the posterior bladder called?

A

trigone

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15
Q

distal convoluted tubules flow directly into which structures?

A

collecting ducts

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16
Q

what is a renal papilla?

A

blunt end of renal pyramid

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17
Q

a renal corpuscle consists of which structures?

A

glomerulus and bowmans capsule

18
Q

blood from the glomerulus flows to which arteriole next?

A

efferent arteriole

19
Q

which slows a greater anatomical difference between the sexes: ureters, urinary bladder or urethra?

A

urethra

20
Q

blood in an arcuate vein will flow into which structure next?

A

interlobar vein

21
Q

which histological feature distinguishes a proximal convoluted tubule from a distal convoluted tubule?

A

proximal tubular has brush border

22
Q

name the parts of a nephron

A

proximal tubule, distal tubule, renal corpuscle, nephron loop

23
Q

what type of epithelium lines the bladder?

A

transitional epithelium

24
Q

Map the flow of filtrate through the kidney

A

Bowman’s capsule —> proximal convoluted tubule —> nephron loop —> distal convoluted tubule —> collecting duct —> minor calyx —> major calyx —> renal pelvis

25
Q

assume that a person did not collect a midstream sample of urine but collected a sample from the beginning of urination. what additional materials might be in greater numbers in this sample?

A

bacteria

26
Q

what metabolic by-product from hemoglobin colors the urine yellow?

A

urobilinogen

27
Q

how can adequate water intake be judges by the color of urine.

A

urine should be clear or pale yellow

28
Q

what is the name of the condition of having measurable amounts of sugar in urine?

A

glycosuria

29
Q

what is the normal value for sugar in urine?

A

None

30
Q

if a person has ketonuria and is not diabetic, what question might you ask to see if their results are accurate?

A

ketones must be present to have ketouria

31
Q

what is the range of the specific gravity in normal urine values?

A

1.001 - 1.035

32
Q

does the amount of water you drink each day correspond to the specific gravity of your urine?

A

yes

33
Q

why is it important to ask a woman if she is menstruating when doing a urinalysis?

A

to account for presence of blood

34
Q

if excess H+ ions are present in the blood and increase blood acidity, the kidneys secrete the H+ ions. What effect does this have on the pH of urine?

A

decrease

35
Q

what mechanism keeps protein out of the urine and what structure might be damaged if protein is found in significant amounts in urine?

A

wall doesn’t allow for blood to pass through

36
Q

elevated levels of WBCs produce what condition in urine?

A

pyuria

37
Q

if you process 180 liters of water through your kidneys each day and yet produce 1.8Ls of urine, approximately how efficient are your kidneys at reabsorbing the water passing through them?

A

99%

38
Q

which urine sediment is probably due to reduced water intake?

A

crystals

39
Q

which cells found in the urine originally come from the walls of the urethra?

A

squamous epithelial

40
Q

which cells in the urine come from the wall of the urinary bladder?

A

transitional epithelial cells

41
Q

if your urine contained large numbers of calcium crystals, what might this tell you about the amount of water you drink?

A

you’re not drinking enough water

Lab Exam 4 (8 decks)

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