40+41 Flashcards
outermost part of the kidney
renal capsule
storage organ of the urinary system
urinary bladder
takes blood from the kidney
renal vein
separates the renal cortex from the medulla
arcuate arteries
receives urine from the renal papilla
minor calyx
leads directly to the renal pelvis
major calyx
located between the kidney and the urinary bladder
ureter
terminal part of the nephron
distal convoluted tubule
region of the kidney with the most glomeruli
cortex
tube that takes urine to the outside of the body
urethra
blood is initially filtered in which part of the nephron?
renal corpuscle
describe the kidneys position with regard to the parietal peritoneum?
posterior to parietal peritoneum or retroperitoneal
what blood vessel takes blood to the kidney?
renal artery
what is the triangular region of the posterior bladder called?
trigone
distal convoluted tubules flow directly into which structures?
collecting ducts
what is a renal papilla?
blunt end of renal pyramid
a renal corpuscle consists of which structures?
glomerulus and bowmans capsule
blood from the glomerulus flows to which arteriole next?
efferent arteriole
which slows a greater anatomical difference between the sexes: ureters, urinary bladder or urethra?
urethra
blood in an arcuate vein will flow into which structure next?
interlobar vein
which histological feature distinguishes a proximal convoluted tubule from a distal convoluted tubule?
proximal tubular has brush border
name the parts of a nephron
proximal tubule, distal tubule, renal corpuscle, nephron loop
what type of epithelium lines the bladder?
transitional epithelium
Map the flow of filtrate through the kidney
Bowman’s capsule —> proximal convoluted tubule —> nephron loop —> distal convoluted tubule —> collecting duct —> minor calyx —> major calyx —> renal pelvis
assume that a person did not collect a midstream sample of urine but collected a sample from the beginning of urination. what additional materials might be in greater numbers in this sample?
bacteria
what metabolic by-product from hemoglobin colors the urine yellow?
urobilinogen
how can adequate water intake be judges by the color of urine.
urine should be clear or pale yellow
what is the name of the condition of having measurable amounts of sugar in urine?
glycosuria
what is the normal value for sugar in urine?
None
if a person has ketonuria and is not diabetic, what question might you ask to see if their results are accurate?
ketones must be present to have ketouria
what is the range of the specific gravity in normal urine values?
1.001 - 1.035
does the amount of water you drink each day correspond to the specific gravity of your urine?
yes
why is it important to ask a woman if she is menstruating when doing a urinalysis?
to account for presence of blood
if excess H+ ions are present in the blood and increase blood acidity, the kidneys secrete the H+ ions. What effect does this have on the pH of urine?
decrease
what mechanism keeps protein out of the urine and what structure might be damaged if protein is found in significant amounts in urine?
wall doesn’t allow for blood to pass through
elevated levels of WBCs produce what condition in urine?
pyuria
if you process 180 liters of water through your kidneys each day and yet produce 1.8Ls of urine, approximately how efficient are your kidneys at reabsorbing the water passing through them?
99%
which urine sediment is probably due to reduced water intake?
crystals
which cells found in the urine originally come from the walls of the urethra?
squamous epithelial
which cells in the urine come from the wall of the urinary bladder?
transitional epithelial cells
if your urine contained large numbers of calcium crystals, what might this tell you about the amount of water you drink?
you’re not drinking enough water
