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Lab Exam 4 > 4.2 > Flashcards

4.2 Flashcards

1
Q

Air enters the______ where it is warmed, filtered and humidified

A

nasal cavity

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2
Q

The _____ is a region of the respiratory tract that is shared with the digestive system

A

pharynx

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3
Q

The ____ contains the vocal folds necessary for sound production.

A

larynx

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4
Q

The _____ is found in the neck and upper portion of the thorax

A

trachea

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5
Q

The ______ is an unpaired cartilage that covers the laryngeal opening during swallowing.

A

epiglottis

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6
Q

The ____ is a bone that allows for skeletal muscle attachment.

A

hyoid

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7
Q

The ______ is the largest cartilage in the larynx.

A

thyroid cartilage

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8
Q

The ______ is the only cartilage of the respiratory tract that is a complete ring

A

cricoid cartilage

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9
Q

The ______ are 13-15 C-shaped cartilage rings.

A

tracheal cartilage

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10
Q

Is the following expiration or inspiration: Diaphragm moves superiorly

A

expiration

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11
Q

Is the following expiration or inspiration: ribs move down and in

A

expiration

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12
Q

Is the following expiration or inspiration: decrease in width of thorax

A

expiration

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13
Q

Is the following expiration or inspiration: internal intercostals contract

A

expiration

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14
Q

Is the following expiration or inspiration: diaphragm moves inferiorly

A

inspiration

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15
Q

Is the following expiration or inspiration: ribs move up and out

A

inspiration

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16
Q

Is the following expiration or inspiration: external intercostals contract

A

inspiration

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17
Q

Is the following expiration or inspiration: thorax increases in volume

A

inspiration

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18
Q

Put the structures of the lower respiratory tract in order, following the path air takes during inhalation.

A

Trachea—>Main bronchi—>lobar bronchi—> segmental bronchi —> terminal bronchioles —> alveoli

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19
Q

The ____ lung contains three lobes.

A

right

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20
Q

The ____ lung contains a cardiac notch.

A

left

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21
Q

The _____ is shorter, wider and more vertical.

A

right main bronchus

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22
Q

The _______ is a thin membrane that is fused to the surface of the lungs.

A

visceral pleura

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23
Q

The _____ is located at the bifurcation of the trachea.

A

carina

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24
Q

Alveoli are comprised of two types of cells. ____ cells are thin squamous cells. _____ cells are large cuboidal cells.

A

Type I;

Type II

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25
Q

The function of type I cells is to _______ while type II cells secrete _______.

A

allow gas exchange; surfactant

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26
Q

________ reduces surface tension in the alveolus.

A

surfactant

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27
Q

The_______ _______ separates the capillary blood from the alveolar air.

A

respiratory membrane

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28
Q

Gases diffuse across the respiratory membrane. Oxygen diffuses from the ______ and carbon dioxide diffuses from the _______

A

air to the blood;

blood to the air.

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29
Q

T/F: The alveoli never attain equal pressure with the ambient (outside) air.

A

False; The alveoli do attain equal pressure with ambient air.

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30
Q

During expiration decreased alveolar volume causes…

A

increased alveolar pressure

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31
Q

The result of the process of inspiration is..

A

Increased alveolar volume causes decreased alveolar pressure

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32
Q

Inspiration begins as…

A

the diaphragm contracts

33
Q

T/F: As the volume in the alveoli increases, the pressure decreases.

A

True: As volume increases, pressure decreases.

34
Q

T/F: CO2 is relatively high in the alveoli and is relatively low in the blood.

A

False; PCO2 is relatively low in the alveoli and relatively high in the blood.

35
Q

T/F: Pulmonary surfactant is secreted by Type II alveolar cells.

A

True; Pulmonary surfactant is secreted by Type II alveolar cells.

36
Q

How many alveoli are found in each lung?

A

millions

37
Q

The pharynx is a shared region between which two body systems?

A

respiratory and digestive

38
Q

The vestibular and vocal folds are found in the…

A

larynx

39
Q

T/F: The respiratory membrane, across which gas exchange occurs, is formed by the wall of the respiratory bronchiole and the pulmonary capillary.

A

False; The respiratory membrane is formed by the alveolar and capillary walls.

40
Q

Which of the following is not part of the lower respiratory tract?

A

pharynx

41
Q

T/F: During inspiration thoracic cavity volume increases.

A

True; Inspiration increases the volume of the thoracic cavity.

42
Q

T/F:As the diaphragm relaxes, it is depressed (moves inferiorly).

A

False; The diaphragm moves superiorly as it relaxes.

43
Q

Place the organs of the digestive tract in order from proximal to distal.

A

oral cavity —> esophagus—> stomach—> small intestines—> large intestines—> rectum

44
Q

Place the parts of the stomach in order from proximal to distal.

A

cardia —> fundus—>body—>pylorus

45
Q

Place the parts of the small intestines in order from proximal to distal.

A

duodenum —> jejunum—> ileum

46
Q

Group the structure based on whether it is part of the GI tract or just accessory structures: stomach

A

part of GI tract

47
Q

Group the structure based on whether it is part of the GI tract or just accessory structures: large intestines

A

part of GI tract

48
Q

Group the structure based on whether it is part of the GI tract or just accessory structures: rectum

A

part of GI tract

49
Q

Group the structure based on whether it is part of the GI tract or just accessory structures: small intestines

A

part of GI tract

50
Q

Group the structure based on whether it is part of the GI tract or just accessory structures: esophagus

A

part of GI tract

51
Q

Group the structure based on whether it is part of the GI tract or just accessory structures: liver

A

accessory organ

52
Q

Group the structure based on whether it is part of the GI tract or just accessory structures: pancreas

A

accessory organ

53
Q

Group the structure based on whether it is part of the GI tract or just accessory structures: teeth

A

accessory organ

54
Q

Group the structure based on whether it is part of the GI tract or just accessory structures: gallbladder

A

accessory organ

55
Q

Group the structure based on whether it is part of the GI tract or just accessory structures: salivary glands

A

accessory organ

56
Q

The _____ provides mechanical digestion of chewing, which is called _____.

A

oral cavity; mastication

57
Q

The _____ moves food from the pharynx to the_____ with wave like contractions called ______

A

esophagus;
stomach;
peristaltic waves

58
Q

The _____ is a hollow storage vat that initiates digestion of proteins.

A

stomach

59
Q

The _______ is where most absorption of nutrients takes place.

A

small intestines

60
Q

The _____ absorbs a little water and electrolytes, but is mostly for storing feces.

A

large intestines

61
Q

sublingual gland produces _____ %of saliva

A

3-5%

62
Q

submandibular gland produces _____ %of saliva

A

60-70%

63
Q

parotid gland produces _____ %of saliva

A

25-30%

64
Q

the pancreas produces and secretes___

A

digestive enzymes

65
Q

the pancreas releases ____ into the _____

A

insulin;

blood

66
Q

the liver produces and secretes______

A

bile

67
Q

the liver stores _____, _____, and _____

A

glycogen, minerals, vitamins

68
Q

the gallblader stores and concentrates___

A

bile

69
Q

Digestion begins in the…

A

mouth

70
Q

Bile from the liver and digestive juices from the pancreas enter which section of the small intestine?

A

duodenum

71
Q

Which of the following is not secreted by the stomach to aid in digestion?

A

bile

72
Q

During digestion, the major site of nutrient absorption is the…

A

small intestine

73
Q

Which of the following might stimulate the cephalic phase of gastric secretion?

A

the thought of food

74
Q

A portal triad consists of which three elements?

A

branches of a hepatic artery
hepatic portal vein
bile duct

75
Q

From external to internal, what is the correct order of layers of the stomach?

A

serosa
muscularis
submucosa
mucosa

76
Q

Functions of the stomach include…

A

chemical and mechanical digestion

77
Q

Which region of the stomach is continuous with the esophagus?

A

cardiac region

78
Q

Which cell of the gastric glands produces pepsinogen?

A

chief cell

Lab Exam 4 (8 decks)

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