35+38 Flashcards
what function adaptation does cartilage have over bone in making up the external framework of the nose?
hyaline cartilage maintains shape of the nose but is flexible. this is important for keeping the breathing passages open, but being subject to contact with the external world, it is capable of bending.
what if a patient was stabbed in the chest and the wound punctured the chest wall and let air into the pleural cavity. how might this affect breathing?
lungs function because of the negative pressure in the chest cavity. if the stab wounds open up the chest cavity to the outside, the lungs deflate, which would significantly reduce the ability to breathe.
trace the flow of blood from the liver to the duodenum.
bile from liver flows through L/R hepatic ducts, to common hepatic duct,
what is the common name for the eternal nares?
nostrils
what 3 structures make up the nasal septum?
perpendicular plate of ethmoid bone
vomer
special cartilage
what is the function of respiratory epithelium and the superficial blood vessels in the nasal cavity?
moistens + warms the air coming into the lungs
what is the name of the cartilage of the anterior larynx?
thyroid cartilage
what is the structure that protects the glottis from fluid entering the larynx?
epiglottis
which lung has 2 lobes in humans?
left
what membrane attaches directly to the lungs?
visceral pleura
the trachea branches into two tubes that go to the lungs. What are these tubes called?
main bronchi
where is the tracheo-bronchial tree?
lungs
what small structure in the lungs is the site of oxygen exchange with the blood capillaries?
alveoli
what role do alveoli play in the nature of surface area?
surfactant helps lungs expand
Emphysema is a destruction of the alveoli of the lungs. What effect does this have on the surface area of the lungs?
Decrease surface area, which decreases contact with lungs and blood
the pancreas is an _______
accessory organ
match the terms on the left with those on the right. A term may be used more than once or not at all: descending colon
alimentary canal
match the terms on the left with those on the right. A term may be used more than once or not at all: part of the stomach closet to the small intestine
pyloric region
match the terms on the left with those on the right. A term may be used more than once or not at all: middle portion of the small intestine
jejunum
match the terms on the left with those on the right. A term may be used more than once or not at all: distal portion of the small intestine
ileum
match the terms on the left with those on the right. A term may be used more than once or not at all: outer surface of the stomach
serosa
match the terms on the left with those on the right. A term may be used more than once or not at all: layer adjacent to the lumen of the intestine
mucosa
match the terms on the left with those on the right. A term may be used more than once or not at all: cell type in the muscularis
smooth muscle
match the terms on the left with those on the right. A term may be used more than once or not at all: location of the villi
submucosa
in the stomach, what is partially digested food called?
Chyme
where are lacteals located in the digestive tract?
small intestine
which membrane holds the tongue to the floor of the oral cavity?
lingual frenulum
which part of the tooth is found above the neck?
crown
which layer of the tooth is superficial to the dentin?
enamel
which adult teeth are directly posterior to the canine teeth?
premolars
what are the segments, or pouches, of the large intestine called?
haustra
which salivary glands are located anterior to the ear?
parotid
where is the lesser omentum found?
between the liver and stomach
where does the cystic duct take bile for storage?
gallbladder
trace the flow of bile from the liver to the duodenum.
L and R hepatic ducts—> common hepatic duct —> cystic duct —> gallbladder
how does the large intestine differ from the small intestine in terms of length?
small intestine= 17ft
large intestine= 4-5 ft
how does the large intestine differ from the small intestine in terms of diameter?
small intestine= 1.5 in
large intestine= 3 in
name 4 functions of the pancreas
endocrine/exocrine organ
digests proteins, carbs, and lipids
secretes bicarbonate
has a hormonal function
how do fats or oils move from the digestive system to the cardiovascular system?
fats/oils are broken down into fatty acids which move from lumen of the small intestine into villi which transports them to the lymphatic system, then lymphatic vessels take he fatty acids into the cardiovascular system
how would a high-fat diet create potential health issues for someone?
atherosclerosis
