4.2

Question 1

Define: inattentional blindness

Answer 1

failure to see fully visible objects/events in a visual display because one’s attention is focused elsewhere

Question 2

Define: retinal disparity

Answer 2

objects within 25 ft project images to slightly different locations on the R and L retina, so both eyes see slightly different views of the object

Question 3

What is the primary binocular depth cue

Answer 3

retinal disparity

Question 4

What are the two monocular depth cues

Answer 4

result of active use of the eye, pictorial depth cues

Question 5

Define: Gestalt principles

Answer 5

describes how the brain tends to group visual elements together

Question 6

List the six pictorial depth cues

Answer 6

linear perspective, texture gradients, interposition, relative size, height in plane, light, shadow

Question 7

Define: linear perspective

Answer 7

Parallel lines that run away from the viewer seem to get closer together

Question 8

Define: texture gradient

Answer 8

as distance increases, texture becomes denser and less distinct

Question 9

Define: interposition

Answer 9

objects may appear to be in front of objects that are further away

Question 10

Define: relative size

Answer 10

if objects are expected to be the same size, those that appear smaller must be further away

Question 11

Define: height in plane

Answer 11

near objects are low in the visual field, more distant objects are higher

Question 12

Define: light and shadow

Answer 12

patters of light and dark suggest shadows that can create an impression of three-dimensional forms

Question 13

Define: change blindness

Answer 13

inability to notice changes between two different scenes

Question 14

Changing length of light waves changes_______

Answer 14

hue (color)

Question 15

Changing amplitude of light wave changes _____

Answer 15

brightness

Question 16

Changing purity of light waves changes ______

Answer 16

saturation (richness of color)

Question 17

When are cones active

Answer 17

normal daylight conditions

Question 18

When are rods active

Answer 18

low-light conditions for night vision

Question 19

Define: optic chiasm

Answer 19

point at which axons from the inside half of each eye cross over and then project to the opposite half of the brain

Question 20

Define: bottom-up processing

Answer 20

sensory receptors relay information to the brain, which then interprets this information

Question 21

Define: top-down processing

Answer 21

previous experiences and expectations affect the detection and analysis of information from the senses

Question 22

Example of top-down processing

Answer 22

visual illusions

Question 23

Define: proximity principle

Answer 23

things that are near each other tend to belong together

Question 24

Define: similarity principle

Answer 24

people tend to group stimuli that are alike

Question 25

Define: continuity princple

Answer 25

people tend to connect points that result in straight or gently curved lines

Question 26

Define: closure principle

Answer 26

we tend to ignore gaps in figures to create a sense of closure

Question 27

Define: simplicity principle

Answer 27

people tend to organize and interpret forms in the simplest way possible