4.2 Flashcards
Define: inattentional blindness
failure to see fully visible objects/events in a visual display because one’s attention is focused elsewhere
Define: retinal disparity
objects within 25 ft project images to slightly different locations on the R and L retina, so both eyes see slightly different views of the object
What is the primary binocular depth cue
retinal disparity
What are the two monocular depth cues
result of active use of the eye, pictorial depth cues
Define: Gestalt principles
describes how the brain tends to group visual elements together
List the six pictorial depth cues
linear perspective, texture gradients, interposition, relative size, height in plane, light, shadow
Define: linear perspective
Parallel lines that run away from the viewer seem to get closer together
Define: texture gradient
as distance increases, texture becomes denser and less distinct
Define: interposition
objects may appear to be in front of objects that are further away
Define: relative size
if objects are expected to be the same size, those that appear smaller must be further away
Define: height in plane
near objects are low in the visual field, more distant objects are higher
Define: light and shadow
patters of light and dark suggest shadows that can create an impression of three-dimensional forms
Define: change blindness
inability to notice changes between two different scenes
Changing length of light waves changes_______
hue (color)
Changing amplitude of light wave changes _____
brightness
Changing purity of light waves changes ______
saturation (richness of color)
When are cones active
normal daylight conditions
When are rods active
low-light conditions for night vision
Define: optic chiasm
point at which axons from the inside half of each eye cross over and then project to the opposite half of the brain
Define: bottom-up processing
sensory receptors relay information to the brain, which then interprets this information
Define: top-down processing
previous experiences and expectations affect the detection and analysis of information from the senses
Example of top-down processing
visual illusions
Define: proximity principle
things that are near each other tend to belong together
Define: similarity principle
people tend to group stimuli that are alike
Define: continuity princple
people tend to connect points that result in straight or gently curved lines
Define: closure principle
we tend to ignore gaps in figures to create a sense of closure
Define: simplicity principle
people tend to organize and interpret forms in the simplest way possible
