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PSYCH1010 > 3.2 ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM > Flashcards

3.2 ORGANIZATION OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

Two subcategories of the Nervous System

A

central NS, peripheral NS

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2
Q

Two subcategories of the Central Nervous System

A

brain, spinal cord

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3
Q

Two subcategories of the Peripheral Nervous System

A

somatic NS, autonomic NS

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4
Q

Three subcategories of the brain

A

forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain

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5
Q

Two subcategories of the Autonomic Nervous System

A

sympathetic division, parasympathetic division

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6
Q

Two subcategories of the Somatic Nervous System

A

afferent nerves, efferent nerves

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7
Q

Three parts of hindbrain

A

cerebellum, medulla, pons

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8
Q

Four parts of forebrain

A

cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system

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9
Q

Structure found in both hindbrain and midbrain

A

reticular formation

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10
Q

Define: peripheral nervous system

A

all nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord

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11
Q

Define: central nervous system

A

nerves of the brain, spinal cord

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11
Q

Somatic nervous system functions

A

voluntary movement, sensory

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11
Q

Define: afferent nerve fibers

A

axons carrying information inwards from PNS towards CNS

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11
Q

Define: somatic nervous system

A

nerves that connect voluntary skeletal muscles and sensory receptors

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12
Q

Define: autonomic nervous system

A

nerves connecting to the heart, blood vessels, smooth vessels, and glands

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13
Q

Define: efferent nerve fibers

A

axons carrying information outwards from CNS towards PNS

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14
Q

Autonomic nervous system functions

A

involuntary, automatic functions (heartbeat, digestion, perspiration)

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15
Q

Define: sympathetic nervous system

A

branch of the autonomic nervous system that mobilizes the body’s resources during emergency situations (controls “fight or flight”)

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16
Q

Sympathetic nervous system functions

A

fight or flight response (slow digestive processes, blood shunting from periphery, trigger release of hormones from adrenal glands

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17
Q

Define: parasympathetic nervous system

A

branch of autonomic nervous system that conserves body resources

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18
Q

Parasympathetic nervous system functions

A

feed or breed response and reversing fight or flight (slowing down RR, HR, etc.)

19
Q

Define: hindbrain

A

an area of the brain that coordinates info coming in and out of spinal cord, controls basic functions of life

20
Q

Define: midbrain

A

area of brain important for orientation, movement

21
Q

Define: forebrain

A

highest level of brain; critical for complex cognitive, emotional, sensory, motor functions

22
Q

Define: medulla

A

extension of spinal cord into skull coordinating HR, circulation, respiration

23
Q

Define: reticular formation

A

brain structure regulating sleep, wakefulness, levels of arousal

24
Q

Define: cerebellum

A

large structure of hindbrain controlling fine motor skills (smoothing out movement)

25
Q

Define: pons

A

brain structure that relays info from cerebellum to the rest of the brain

26
Q

Function: tectum and tegmentum

A

help orient an organism in the environment and guide movement toward or away from stimuli

27
Q

Function: thalamus

A

relays, filters info from the senses and transmits the info to the cerebral cortex

28
Q

Function: hypothalamus

A

regulates body temp, hunger, thirst, sexual behavior

29
Q

Function: pituitary gland

A

“master gland”, releases hormones that direct functions of other glands in the body

30
Q

Function: hippocampus

A

create new memories, integrate them into a network on knowledge to be stored indefinitely in other parts of the cerebral cortex

31
Q

Function: amygdala

A

emotional processes, formation of emotional memories

32
Q

Function: basal ganglia

A

directs intentional movements

33
Q

Define: cerebral cortex

A

outermost layer of the brain, divided into 2 hemispheres

34
Q

Define: contralateral control

A

each hemisphere of the cerebral cortex controls the opposite side of the body

35
Q

Define: corpus callosum

A

nerve fibers connecting the two hemispheres and allowing sharing of information

36
Q

Define: occipital lobe

A

visual

37
Q

Define: parietal lobe

A

senses (touch, temp, pain, space)

38
Q

Define: temporal lobe

A

hearing, language

39
Q

Define: frontal lobe

A

movement, abstract thinking, planning, memory, judgement

40
Q

Define: association areas

A

areas of cerebral cortex composed of neurons that help provide sense and meaning to information registered in the cortex

41
Q

Function: left hemisphere

A

verbal processing (speech, language, reading, writing)

42
Q

Function: Right hemisphere

A

nonverbal processing (spatial, musical, visual, emotional)

43
Q

Define: dorsal stream

A

from occipital upwards anteriorly, deals with “where” and “how”

44
Q

Define: ventral stream

A

from occipital lobe downwards anteriorly, deals with “what” and recognition

45
Q

Define: limbic system

A

network of structures (ie. thalamus, hypothalamus, hippocampus, etc.) that seem to work together as pleasure centers, also emotion and memory

46
Q

Define: cerebral specialization

A

the left hemisphere is used for verbal processing, while the right hemisphere is used for nonverbal

47
Q

Define: plasticity

A

neural wiring of the brain is flexible, constantly evolving

PSYCH1010 (9 decks)

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