4.1.2- Transmission Of Pathogens

Question 1

What are the two types of transmission of a pathogen?

Answer 1

Direct and indirect transmission.

Question 2

Define direct transmission.

Answer 2

Passing a pathogen from a just to a new host, without the use of an intermediate.

Question 3

Define indirect transmission.

Answer 3

Passing a pathogen from a host to a new host, with the use of a vector.

Question 4

What is a vector?

Answer 4

An organism that carries a pathogen from one host to another.

Question 5

Define ‘transmission’ in terms of pathogens.

Answer 5

Passing a pathogen from an infected individual to an uninflected individual.

Question 6

List six social factors that can affect pathogenic transmission.

Answer 6

• poor ventilation
• poor health
• poor diet
• homelessness
• overcrowding
• being around migrants from where disease is more common

Question 7

What are the four ways a pathogen can be transmitted?

Answer 7

Droplet infection
Direct physical contact
Transmission by spores
Faecal- oral transmission

Question 8

Give some examples of how a pathogen can be transmitted via direct physical contact.

Answer 8

Touching a person who is infected or touching a contaminated surface that has the pathogens- eg; HIV/ Ringworm

Question 9

Explain how faecal- oral transmission of a pathogen could happen.

Answer 9

Usually by eating food or drinking water with the contaminated pathogen- eg; cholera/ food poisoning

Question 10

Explain how a pathogen can be transmitted by droplet infection.

Answer 10

Pathogen is carried by water grope led in the air- eg; TB/ influenza

Question 11

Explain how a pathogen can be transmitted via a spore.

Answer 11

Spores are the resistant stage of the pathogen- they can be castles in the air or reside on soil surfaces- eg; anthrax/ tetanus.

Question 12

Explain an example of a vector.

Answer 12

Mosquitoes are the vectors of the Malaria protoctist parasite ‘Plasmodium’.

Question 13

Explain how a plant pathogen can be indirectly transmitted.

Answer 13

Occurs as a result of an insect attack- bacteria spores get attacked to the insect and when it attacks another plant, the pathogen is transmitted to it.

Question 14

What are the two ways plant pathogens can be directly transmitted?

Answer 14

• pathogens from the soil enter the roots

* fungi produce spores and they can be carried in the wind- airborne transmission

Question 15

In _________ and __________ conditions, pathogens grow and reproduce faster.

Answer 15

Warmer and moist.

Question 16

Explain how the climate can affect a pahoehoe.

Answer 16

The Warmer and more moist a climate, the faster the pathogens reproduce and Grow.

Question 17

In a warmer climate, you are more likely to…

Answer 17

Get infected by a pathogen.

Question 18

How many steps are involved in the life cycle of a pathogen?

Answer 18

• Transmission of the pathogen from one host to another
• Entering host tissues
• pathogen reproduces
• leaves the hosts tissues