4.1.1d) Primary non-specific defences pathogens in animals

Question 1

Inflammation

Answer 1

Mast cells in damaged tissues release histamines & cytokines
Histamines: make blood vessels dilate & ‘leaky’ causing: localised heat, redness and swelling- prevents pathogens reproducing
Cytokines: attract phagocytes (phagocytis of pathogens)

Question 2

Fever

Answer 2

Cytokines- released when a pathogen invades
Hypothalamus- detects cytokines & raises your body temperature
Specific immune system