4.1.1a) The different types of pathogen that cause communicable disease in plant & animals Flashcards
Bacteria structure
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
Ribosomes
Cell wall- maintains shape
Flagellum- for movement
DNA- controls the cells activities & replication
Bacteria examples
Tuberculosis
Bacterial meningitis
Ring rot
Gram staining
Stain with crystal violet
Looks blue/purple under light microscope
e.g. MRSA
Gram negative
Stain with safranin
Looks red under a light microscope
e.g. E.Coli
Main shapes of bacteria
Cocci (spherical)- less surface area per volume than bacilli or spirillum- able to survive in dryer environments
Vibrio (curved)- spiral cells, more with a corkscrew motion & meet less resistance from surrounding water
Bacilli (rod-shaped) & Spirilli (spiral)- have greater surface area to volume ratio- take up nutrients from dilute solutions more efficiently
Bacteria reproduction - Binary fission
Duplication of chromosome
Continued growth of the cell
Division into 2 cells
Issues with bacteria reproducing so quickly
Food spoilage
Spread of disease
How do bacteria cause disease
Produces toxins & cause symptoms by cell damage
Damage cell membranes, enzymes or genetic material
Structure of a virus
Protein coat
Loose genetic material
Injection tube
Tail plate
Viral reproduction
- Virus attaches to a specific host cell
- Genetic material from the virus is injected into the host cell
- Viral genes cause the host cell to make new viruses
- Host cell splits open releasing the new virus
Virus examples
HIV/AIDS
Influenza
Tobacco mosaic virus
Fungi structure
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Mitochondria
Cytoplasm
Vacuole
Nucleus
Fungi reproduction
Asexual reproduction
Fungi examples
Black sigatoka
Ring worm
Athletes foot
Protoctista examples
Malaria
Potato/Tomato late blight
