4.10 Serological Testing of Blood Products

Question 1

What protocol is followed when screening whole blood donors for HIV-1 RNA?

Answer 1

Pools of up to 16 donors are tested; if pool is reactive, individual samples are screened

Question 2

Currently, nucleic acid testing (NAT) testing is performed to detect which viruses?

Answer 2

HIV, HCV, HBV, Zika, and West Nile virus (WNV)

Question 3

John comes in to donate a unit of whole blood at the collection center of the community blood supplier. The enzyme immunoassay assay (EIA) screen for anti-HIV-1,2 is nonreactive; however, the NAT HIV is reactive. After 8 weeks John is tested again and found to be NAT nonreactive and EIA anti-HIV-1,2 nonreactive:

Answer 3

This renders him eligible for donation

Question 4

What marker is the first to appear in HBV infection?

Answer 4

HbsAg

Question 5

What marker indicates immunity to hepatitis B infection?

Answer 5

Anti-HBs

Question 6

A patient with multiple myeloma is placed on daratumumab (Darzalex). What tests are affected by this drug, and what are typical recommendations for transfusion?

Answer 6

Antibody screen/least incompatible RBCs

Question 7

A unit tests positive for syphilis with use of the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test. The Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TP-PA) test on the same unit is negative. What is the disposition of the unit?

Answer 7

The unit may be used to prepare components

Question 8

SITUATION: John Smith donated a unit of whole blood in May. RBCs made from whole blood were transfused to a recipient at a community hospital in June, with no apparent complications. The blood supplier notified the medical director of the hospital that the donor had reported engaging in high-risk behavior with another male in April, although viral tests remain negative and the donor is healthy. What course of action should be taken?

Answer 8

The recipient’s physician should be notified

Question 9

All of the following are required tests on donor blood, except:

A. HBsAg
B. Anti-CMV
C. HIV-1
D. Anti-HTLV I/II

Answer 9

Anti-CMV

Question 10

Which of the following bands would constitute a positive Western Blot result for HIV?

A. p24, gp41, p17
B. p55, gp120, p51
C. gp160, p31, p56
D. p24, p30, p55

Answer 10

p24, gp41, p17