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chemistry all note flashcards - 3rd And 4th > 4.1 - Covalent bonding > Flashcards

4.1 - Covalent bonding Flashcards

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1
Q

what happens when non-metal atoms bond

A

they share pairs of electrons to get a full outer-shell

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2
Q

how many times does N always share

A

3 times

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3
Q

how many times does O always share

A

2 times

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4
Q

what molecules contain double pairs

A

oxygen
carbon dioxide

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5
Q

what molecule contains a triple pair

A

nitrogen

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6
Q

what is covalent bonding

A

the electrostatic attraction between protons in two nuclei and a shared pair of electrons between them

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7
Q

what do the shared pair of electrons do to the nuclei of atoms in covalent bonding

A

pull the nuclei of the atoms together

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8
Q

what type of attraction is covalent bonding

A

very strong attraction

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9
Q

what is a simple molecule

A

a small group of atoms held together by covalent bonds

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10
Q

what are between the molecules in simple molecules

A

although they contain very strong covalent bonds there are weak intermolecular forces between the molecules
when they boil the weak IMFs break

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11
Q

what happens to the strengths of the weak IMFs as molecular mass increases

A

the strength also increases which results in the boiling point increasing

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12
Q

what does electrical conductivity require

A

charged particles that can move freely

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13
Q

are there charged particles in a simple molecular substances

A

no

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14
Q

do simple molecular substances conduct electricity

A

no never because molecules are neutral

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15
Q

what is C60 fullerene

A

a unique simple molecule of sixty carbon atoms in a ball

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16
Q

why is the boiling point of C60 fullerene low but not as low as other molecules

A

because of its high molecular mass

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17
Q

why is C60 fullerene a soft and slippery solid

A

the molecules can roll over each other easily

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18
Q

why is C60 an electrical insulator

A

the molecules are neutral

19
Q

what is diamond

A

a form of pure carbon arranged into a giant lattice in which every C makes 4 covalent bonds, tetrahedral shape and has a strong gird-like arrangement

20
Q

why does diamond sublime at a very high temperature

A

covalent bonds are very strong
there are lots of bonds in the giant lattice
lots of energy is required to break all the bonds

21
Q

what is diamond used for

A

cutting because it is one of the hardest substances

22
Q

why is diamond one of the hardest substances

A

covalent bonds are very strong
there are lots of bonds in the giant lattice
lots of energy is required to break all the bonds

23
Q

can diamond conduct electricity

A

no because there are no freely-moving charged particles - all the atoms are neutral and all the electrons are stuck inside an atom or bond

24
Q

what is graphite

A

a form of pure carbon arranged into a different giant lattice - in which
there are layers of hexagons of C atoms
every C makes 3 covalent bonds
weak intermolecular forces between layers
delocalized electrons inside each layer

25
Q

why does graphite sublime at a very high temperature

A

covalent bonds are very strong
there are lots of bonds in the giant lattice
lots of energy is required to break all the bonds

26
Q

what is graphite used for

A

as a solid lubricant because it is soft and slippery so the layers can slide easily

27
Q

can graphite conduct electricity

A

yes because inside the layers the delocalized electrons can move freely

28
Q

what is silicon dioxide

A

also known as silica - it has a giant covalent structure
every Si makes 4 covalent bonds
every O makes 2 covalent bonds
tetrahedral shape like diamond
strong, grid-like arrangement

29
Q

why is silicon dioxide less expensive than diamond

A

it is much less rare

30
Q

why does silicon dioxide sublime at a very high temperature

A

covalent bonds are very strong
there are lots of bonds in the giant lattice
lots of energy is required to break all the bonds

31
Q

can silicon dioxide conduct electricity

A

no because there are no freely-moving charged particles - all the atoms are neutral and all the electrons are stuck inside an atom or bond

32
Q

what bonding does a metal and non-metal have

A

ionic

33
Q

what structure does ionic bonding have

A

giant lattice

34
Q

what are the essential properties of ionic bonding

A

high MP/BP
insulator when solid
conductor when liquid
conductor when aq

35
Q

other properties of ionic bonding

A

brittle
usually soluble in water
crystalline

36
Q

what bonding do only non-metals have

A

covalent

37
Q

what is the structure of covalent bonding

A

simple molecules

38
Q

what are the essential properties of covalent bonding - simple molecules

A

low MP/BP
insulator

39
Q

what are other properties of simple molecules with covalent bonding

A

usually insoluble in water
dull

40
Q

what type of bonding do only metals have

A

metallic bonding

41
Q

what structure does metallic bonding have

A

giant lattice

42
Q

what are the essential properties of metallic bonding

A

high MP/BP
conductor

43
Q

what are other properties of metallic bonding

A

malleable
ductile
shiny

chemistry all note flashcards - 3rd And 4th (13 decks)

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