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chemistry all note flashcards - 3rd And 4th > 3.1 - Introduction > Flashcards

3.1 - Introduction Flashcards

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1
Q

what are physical changes

A

-creates no new substances
- usually easy to reverse
-absorb or release small amounts of energy

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2
Q

what are chemical changes

A
  • create new substances
  • usually difficult to reverse
    -absorb or release large amounts of energy
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3
Q

what is a chemical test for pure water

A

anhydrous copper sulfate turns blue to white

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4
Q

what is a physical test for pure water

A

when the boiling point is 100 degrees C

(when the melting point is 0 degrees C)

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5
Q

what is an element

A

a substance containing only one type of atom

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6
Q

what are metal properties

A

high MP/BP
electrical conductors
malleable
shiny

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7
Q

what are non-metal properties

A

low MP/BP
electrical insulators
brittle
dull

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8
Q

what side of the PT are metals on

A

left

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9
Q

what side of the PT are non-metals on

A

right

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10
Q

what are the diatomic elements

A

hydrogen = H2
nitrogen = N2
oxygen = O2
fluorine = F2
chlorine = Cl2
bromine = Br2
iodine = I2
astatine = At2

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11
Q

how can you recognise the diatomic elements

A

form an upside down L on the periodic table and hydrogen

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12
Q

what is a compound

A

a substance containing more than one type of atom, chemically bonded together

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13
Q

how can compounds often be formed

A

by heating elements together

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14
Q

what is interesting about the properties of compounds

A

they are totally different from the properties of the elements the compound is made from

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15
Q

what are the three types of bonding in compounds

A

metallic
ionic
covalent

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16
Q

what is the bonding of a metal and a metal

A

metallic

17
Q

what is the bonding of a metal and a non-metal

A

ionic

18
Q

what is the bonding of a non-metal and non-metal

A

covalent

19
Q

what experiment is used to illustrate the diffusion of gases

A

making the compound ammonium chloride in a tube

20
Q

what is the word equation for the ammonium chloride tube experiment

A

ammonia + hydrogen chloride –> ammonium chloride

21
Q

what does the ammonium chloride experiment show about the weight of the molecules

A

hydrogen chloride is heavier because it diffused slower

22
Q

what happens if you heat up the tube in the ammonium chloride experiemnt

A

the white smoke forms faster because the particles move fatser and collide more often - it still forms in the same place because both gases diffuse faster

23
Q

what is a solute

A

the substance which is going to be dissolved

24
Q

what is a solvent

A

the liquid which is going to do the dissolving

25
Q

what is a solution

A

the resulting mixture of a solute dissolved in solvent

26
Q

what is saturates

A

a solution in which no more solute can be dissolved

27
Q

what is suspension

A

a solid floating in a liquid because it cannot dissolve

28
Q

what is soluble

A

a substance which can be dissolved

29
Q

what is insoluble

A

a substance which cannot be dissolved

30
Q

what do you measure solubility in

A

g per 100g of solvent

31
Q

what does solubility vary with

A

temperature

32
Q

what are the three parts of a solubility curve

A

the line = saturated
below = soluble
above = insoluble

33
Q

what does the line show

A

saturated
the maximum mass of solid which can be dissolved at each temperature

34
Q

what does the space below the line show

A

soluble
less than the maximum mass of solid so it will all dissolve

35
Q

what does the space above the line show

A

insoluble
more than the maximum mass of solid so some will dissolve and some won’t

36
Q

where can the mass that dissolves be found on a solubility graph

A

reading off the line

chemistry all note flashcards - 3rd And 4th (13 decks)

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