3.2 - Atomic structure Flashcards
what three subatomic particles does an atom contain
proton
neutron
electron
what is the relative mass of a proton
1
what is the relative charge of a proton
+1
what is the relative mass of a neutron
1
what is the relative charge of a neutron
0
what is the relative mass of an electron
0.0005
what is the relative charge of an electron
-1
what is found in the nucleus of an atom
protons and neutrons
what are found around the nucleus of an atom
electron shells
where are electron shells found
in energy levels (shells) around the nucleus
what is an atomic number
the total number of protons
what is the mass number
the total number of protons and neutrons
what does numbers of electrons equal
the number of protons - atoms are neutral
what are isotopes
atoms with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
how do isotopes behave
identically - they have the same number of electrons
what is relative atomic mass
the average mass of an atom of an element, taking into accounts the different masses of each isotope
what is RAM calculated using
the mass numbers of each isotope and their %-abundances
what is the formula for RAM
(%abundance/100 x mass) + (%abundance/100 x mass)
what does the electronic configuration of an atom show
how electrons are arranged into energy levels /shells
what is the maximum capacity of electrons in the 1st shell
2
what is the maximum capacity of electrons in the 2nd shell
8
what is the maximum capacity of the 3rd shell
8 - (actually 18)
what is the maximum capacity in the 4th shell
2 (actually more)
what does the element’s location on the periodic table also tell you about
its electron configuration
what does the row/ period of an element tell you
number of occupied electron shells
what does the column/ group of an element tell you
the number of electrons in the outer shells
